Hormonal Narcotics

Classical or conventional pharmaceutical agents in combination with lactide/glycolide polymers have been widely studied since about 1973. In general, these compounds are bioactive agents usually produced by synthetic chemistry, with molecular weights of less than a few hundred and relatively stable structures. Examples include steroid hormones, antibiotics, narcotic antagonists, anticancer agents, and anesthetics. 

Certain medicines may not be imported under the personal importation provisions, including drugs of abuse, such as narcotics, amphetamines and psychotropic substances, and anabolic substances, androgenic steroids and treatments for alcohol and drug addiction. There are also controls over certain other medicines including erythropoietin, growth hormones and gonadotrophins. 

Possibly relevant to be added to data base in vitro bioassay general toxicity (extract) in vitro bioassay thyroid hormone disruption (extract) (incl. bioactivation) in vitro estrogenicity or androgenicity (extract) Chemicals that only are toxic in high concentration (narcotics, nanoparticles) Chemical analysis of lipophillic POPs in water... 

Until recently, stimulants and narcotics were the most sought drugs in athletics. To circumvent the rules, drugs that do not affect the mood find now large use, like substances that increase the red blood cells count (blood doping), diuretics, peptide hormones, beta-blocker, and anabolic steroids. 

OPIOID A drug, hormone, or other chemical substance having sedative or narcotic effects similar to those containing opium or its derivatives a natural brain opiate. 

Extensive drug screening is done at many athletic events, such as the Olympic Games. Usually, separate analyses, using different extraction procedures, are done for stimulants, narcotics, anabolic steroids, diuretics, and peptide hormones. In the analysis for stimulants, which are amines such as amphetamine and cocaine, a 5 rnL urine sample is first made basic with K.OH to ensure that the amines are present as the neutral molecules rather than as salts. The free amines are then extracted from the sample with diethyl ether. To save time and expense, the sample is first analyzed by gas chromatography only. If a peak appears with the retention time of one of the proscribed stimulants, then the sample is reanalyzed by GC/MS to confirm the identity of the suspected compound. 

In laboratory animals, papillary necrosis due to non-narcotic analgesic has been extremely difficult to produce. However, papillary necrosis has been demonstrated following administration of 2-bromoethylamine 2-bromoethylamine has been used to demonstrate the role of urinary concentrating mechanisms in the etiology of 2-bromoethylamine-induced papillary necrosis. Maneuvers that produce large volumes of dilute urine, such as diuretic therapy, lack of antidiuretic hormone (Brattleboro rats), or volume expansion with 5% glucose, prevent papillary necrosis due to... 

Not only does the body make its own narcotics, it also makes representatives t)f most of the other categories of drugs discussed in this hook. It certainly makes its own uppers in the form of adrenaline and noradrenaline. It makes its own downers in the form of serotonin and GABA (gamma-amino-butyric acid), chemicals that slow down transmission in the central nervous system. Sex hormones can be powerful antidepressants, working better than anything so far concocted in a laboratory. Probably the body also makes its own psychedelics — most likely DMT (dimcthyl-tryptamine ) or a close relative of it — since the pineal gland, deep in the brain, secretes hormones with a very similar molecular structure. 

Antineoplastic drugs,narcotic antagonists, steroid hormones,luteinizing hormone releasing hormone analogs,elastase, and other macromolecules have been incorporated into microspheres. In addition, vaccines, living cells, and tissues have been encapsulated. 

In sports, sophisticated pharmacological products and methods have been used over the recent years. Besides stimulants and narcotics, anabolic agents and peptide hormones, many substances are used and abused to improve the mental and/or physical performance of athletes. This is called doping and contradicts both sport and medical ethics. The credibility of the excellence of performance and unpredictability of the outcome of a competition attract much enthusiasm from the public. If drug misuse or pharmacological manipulations of the athletes remove that unpredictability, the public will lose its interest in the outcome of these sports. Sports practitioners are basically healthy and should not be administered... 

Classes of substances currently banned by the IOC include stimulants (amphetamines, cocaine, caffeine, pseudoephedrine), narcotics (heroin, methadone), anabolic agents (testosterone, nandrolone), diuretics (acetazolamide, spironolactone), and peptide hormones and their mimetics and analogs (erythropoietin, human growth hormone). Alcohol and marijuana at specified levels are also prohibited. For the latter, a level of as little as 15 ng/mL of 11-nor-A°-tetrahydrocannabinol-9-carboxylic acid is a violation of the rules. A complete... 

Anabolic steroids are not only reinforcing drugs, as are many narcotics, but they also interfere with the normal function of the endocrine system, and as such are endocrine disruptors. The presence of exogenous anabolic steroids in the blood causes a negative feedback in the brain, specifically the hypothalamus and the pituitary. This feedback leads to a reduction in the synthesis of gonadotropins —water-soluble hormones that travel in the blood to the testes, where they stimulate the synthesis of testosterone. This reduction... 

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