Homeostasis regulation

Inhibitors of the Angiopoietin/Tie-2 and Ephrin/Eph systems are in preclinical development which parallels the biological target validation of these molecules. As vascular assembly, maturation, and homeostasis regulating molecules, therapeutic interference with these molecular systems may hold promise for a number of vascular indications. 

The autonomic nervous system (ANS), also known as the visceral or involuntary nervous system, functions below the level of consciousness. Because it innervates cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, and various endocrine and exocrine glands, this nervous system influences the activity of most of the organ systems in the body. Therefore, it is evident that the ANS makes an important contribution to the maintenance of homeostasis. Regulation of blood pressure gastrointestinal responses to food contraction of the urinary bladder focusing of the eyes and thermoregulation are just a few of the many... 

Bertinato, J. and L Abbe, M.R. (2004) Maintaining copper homeostasis regulation of copper-trafficking proteins in response to copper deficiency or overload, J. Nutr. Biochem., 15, 316-322. 

Chimienti, F., Aouffen, M., Favier, A., and Seve, M. (2003). Zinc homeostasis-regulating proteins New drug targets for triggering cell fate. Curr. Drug Targets 4, 323-338. 

Acting as an intracellular second messenger, cAMP mediates such hormonal responses as the mobilization of stored energy (the breakdown of carbohydrates in liver or triglycerides in fat cells stimulated by B-adrenomimetic catecholamines), conservation of water by the kidney (mediated by vasopressin), Ca2+ homeostasis (regulated by parathyroid hormone), and increased rate and contractile force of heart muscle ( -adrenomimetic catecholamines). It also regulates the production of adrenal and sex steroids (in response to corticotropin or follicle-stimulating hormone), relaxation of smooth muscle, and many other endocrine and neural processes. 

Vitamin D is obtained in the diet or by photolysis of 7-dehydrocholesterol in skin exposed to sunlight. Calcitriol works in concert with parathyroid hormone in Ca2+ homeostasis, regulating [Ca2+] in the blood and the balance between Ca2+ deposition and Ca2+ mobilization from bone. Acting through nuclear receptors, calcitriol activates the synthesis of an intestinal Ca2+-binding protein essential for uptake of dietary Ca2+. Inadequate dietary vitamin D or defects in the biosynthesis of calcitriol result in serious diseases such as rickets, in which bones are weak and malformed (see Fig. 10-20b). 

The primary function of the renal system is the elimination of waste products, derived either from endogenous metabolism or from the metabolism of xenobiotics. The latter function is discussed in detail in Chapter 10. The kidney also plays an important role in regulation of body homeostasis, regulating extracellular fluid volume, and electrolyte balance. 

White JD. 1993. Neuropeptide Y A central regulator of energy homeostasis. Regul Pept 49 93-107. 

Chiaraviglio E, Perez Guaita MF. Anterior third ventricle (A3V) lesions and homeostasis regulation. J Physiol 1984 79, 446-52. 

Redox homeostasis regulates activation and binding by transcription factors at the 5 end of the target gene. In the transcription factors, cysteine residues are frequently located in their protein... 

Metabolic homeostasis Regulation of triglyceride and lipoprotein metabolism and protection against atherosclerosis (regulating ApoAI and ApoCIB) [49, 50]... 

Schmitz, C., F. Deason, and A. L. Perraud. 2007. Molecular components of vertebrate Mg2+ homeostasis regulation. Magnesium Research 20 6-18. 

Sen N, Das BB, Ganguly A et al. Camptothecin-induced imbalance in intracellular cation homeostasis regulates programmed cell death in unicellular hemoflagellate Leishmania donovani J Biol... 

Transport, Homeostasis, Regulation, and the Binding of Molybdate and Tungstate to Proteins... 

Rohas LM, St-Pierre J, Uldry M et al. (2007) A fundamental system of cellular energy homeostasis regulated by PGC-lalpha. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 104, 7933-7938. 

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