Retinoids homeostasis regulation

The retinoic acids of retinoids could reveal widely their potential effects such as vertebrate development, cellular differentiation and vital homeostasis. A retinoic acid receptor RARal belonging to the superfamily of nuclear ligand-activated transcriptional regulators could regulate these receptors of steroid hormone, thyroid hormone, and vitamin D3. 

Hydroxylation Reactions. A large number of drug-metabolizing enzymes that consist of cytochromes P450 and NADPH-dependent cytochrome P450 reductase have been reported for brain cells. The NADPH-dependent enzymes are involved in the hydroxylation of neurosteroids, the regulation of brain cholesterol homeostasis, the elimination of retinoids, and the metabolism of xenobiotics [20, 23]. 

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