History and Literature

Caley, E.R. (1951). Early history and literature of archaeological chemistry. Journal of Chemical Education 28 64-66. 

Meanwhile the matter was being approached from an altogether different angle in New York, by the Wassons, husband and wife, who had spent more than two decades gathering data on the role of mushrooms in primitive societies in Eurasia. This theme in anthropology, which we called ethnomycology, had never before been explored in the West. Eurasia embraced so many cultures and so much history and literature that we had resolved early in our inquiries to stop with Eurasia and leave Africa and the Americas to others. 

Each element has a story of its own, and these stories are part of the fabric of history and literature. The Mad Hatter in Lewis Carroll s Alice in Wonderland was likely mad because of the mercury used in the hat-making industry. As scientists began to realize that there must be a connection between hatters working conditions and the unusual incidence of mental illness among hatters, mercury came to the fore as an environmental hazard. Lead has had a similar toxic past and has even been implicated in the decline of the Roman Empire. Ancient Romans were fond of boiling wine in lead bowls in order to produce syrup that was used as a sweetener. As science evolved, it became known that part of the sweetness was caused by a lead compound formed during this process. 

Heroin is a classic drug in late Western law, history and literature. It is the most often thought-of narcotic today, and at one time the most feared by the Establishment. It was first produced commercially in Germany in 1898 as a substitute for morphine and codeine, though it was soon discovered to be more dangerous and addicting than either of the former. 

Adams, A.E. 1994, Reproducing the Womb Images of Childbirth in Science, Feminist History and Literature, Cornell UP, Ithaca. 

Declan Kiberd s conclusions as to his competence in Irish are apt and authoritative. He could speak the language well and with confidence and was conversant with two of the main dialects. His written Irish was only moderate, enough for him to write letters and entries in his diaries, but not sufficient to write a play in the language, which he may have contemplated. He had a high standard of academic Irish with a corresponding knowledge of its history and literature. ... 

Film Theory and Gas-Liquid and Liquid-Liquid Mass Transfer. The history and literature surrounding interfacial mass transfer is enormous. In the present context, it suffices to say that the film model, which postulates the existence of a thin fluid layer in each fluid phase at the interface, is generally accepted (60). In the context of coupled mass transfer and reaction, two common treatments involve 1) the Hatta number and (2) enhancement factors. Both descriptions normally require a detailed model of the kinetics as well as the mass transfer. The Hatta number is perhaps more intuitive, since the numbers span the limiting cases of infinitely slow reaction with respect to mass transfer to infinitely fast reaction with respect to mass transfer. In the former case all reaction occurs in the bulk phase, and in the latter reaction occurs exclusively at the interface with no bulk reaction occurring. Enhancement factors are usually categorized in terms of reaction order (61). In the context of nonreactive systems, a characteristic time scale (eg, half-life) for attaining vapor-liquid equilibrium and liquid-liquid equilibrium, 6>eq, in typical laboratory settings is of the order of minutes. 

McLean, Hugh. Gogol and the Whirling Telescope, in Legters, L. H ed. Russia Essays in History and Literature. Seattle, Wash. 1972, PP- 79-99-... 

From the summer of 1954 until February 1958, with a 21-month interruption for compulsory military service, I worked at the Bridge Constmction Bureau of the City of Amsterdam. In the meanwhile, on a vacation in Switzerland I met a sweet girl, Terttu Soininen, a student of Finnish history and literature at the University of Helsinki. A few years later I was able to entice her to marry me. What a great choice I made She has been the center of a happy family without her support, I would never have been able to devote so much of my time to studies and science. After our... 

The treatment of equilibrium solvation effects in condensed-phase kmetics on the basis of TST has a long history and the literature on this topic is extensive. As the basic ideas can be found m most physical chemistry textbooks and excellent reviews and monographs on more advanced aspects are available (see, for example, the recent review article by Tnihlar et al [6] and references therein), the following presentation will be brief and far from providing a complete picture. 

As planned maintenance encompasses all types covered within the preventive or scheduled systems, this can be examined in more detail. In preparing a planned maintenance system, all the available sources of information should be used. These include manufacturers and suppliers literature, trade associations, professional institutions, knowledge and experience from within the department and history and feedback from previous work for the specific type of equipment. 

Io is a journal exploring myth, geography, origins, and the common source materials of literature, natural history, and physical science ". Edited by Richard Gorssinger and L. Hough... 

Alchemical theories are central to the middle ages and the Renaissance. Chaucer and Shakespeare were heavily steeped in the subject, and it still exerts a fascination today. This is a scholarly and accessible introduction to Western European alchemy, and to the iconography of Alchemical works from antiquity to the rise of chemistry. It includes an illustrated glossary of Alchemical terms and biographies of major alchemists. It is intended for students of medieval and Renaissance art, literature and history art historians and anyone with a general interest in the history and principles of alchemy or medieval culture... 

Shapiro, Barbara J. Probability and certainty in seventeenth-century England a study of the relationships between natural science, religion, history, law, and literature. Princeton (NJ) Princeton Univ P, 1983. x, 347 p. ISBN 0-691-05379-0... 

Jones, Richard Foster. The seventeenth century studies in the history of English thought and literature from Bacon to Pope, by Richard Foster Jones and others writing in his honor. Stanford (CA) Stanford Univ P, 1951. viii, 392 p... 

Hydraulic pressure stimulation (fracturing) of oil and gas wells has now accumulated 40 years of history and experience. The actual practice and application of this technique supports a multi-billion dollar service industry which annually utilizes in excess of 130 million pounds of chemical additives. This chapter will describe the fracturing fluids that are used and some of the additives, their purpose, and the principles that make their use effective as well as necessary. Information presented will update a body of review literature that covers the prior years of fracturing(1). Chemicals are added for specific purposes which are identifiable by their descriptive title. Veatch02) has compiled a thorough general list of the additives added to fracturing fluids. 

The history and chemistry of the hydroxy-oxime extractants which were originally developed for Cu recovery has been extensively reviewed.11,13,14 Szymanowski s book14 provides comprehensive cover of the literature prior to 1993 and assigns chemical structures to reagents which in most metallurgy texts are referred to only by codes provided by reagent suppliers. An updated version of this information is provided in Table 3. 

This chapter on case histories is brief and does not include all the lessons relevant to accidents. The references provide excellent information for more studies. There is significant information in the open literature. However, case histories and safety literature are of no value unless they are studied, understood, and used appropriately. 

During this short Thaw period under Khrushchev, a library for foreign literature was opened in Moscow. This library was accessible to students and provided the only official source of information about both international and Russian art history. However, Kosmatschof, together with friends like Alexander Nay, who later also emigrated to the West, studied Western art and literature in secret... 

Hevea rubber is undoubtedly one of the unique crops of history and of all agriculture, and one of the most interesting. It is not easy to produce rubber. Research is the tool by which it is possible to grow vast acreages of the tree as a profitable crop. This could never have been done without the past /and present intensive investigations of careful scientists over more than 30 years. Repeated reference in the literature indicates that diseases are the limiting factors in natural rubber production, and that planters owe a debt to disease-control workers. 

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