Normalize, description

Buffle, J., Altmann, R. S., Filella, M. and Tessier, A. (1990). Complexation by natural heterogeneous compounds site occupation distribution functions, a normalized description of metal complexation, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 54, 1535-1553. 

Lineshift and broadening measurements provide information complementary to that obtained from the conventional collision measurements described in the previous chapter. Just as the tunable laser has made possible many of the collision experiments described in the previous chapter, it has allowed much more sensitive line broadening measurements. In this chapter we connect the normal description of lineshapes to the Rydberg atom collision processes, briefly describe the two modern experimental techniques, and describe the results of the experiments. 

Burstein, E.A. and Emelyanenko, V.L. (1996). Log-normal description of fluorescence spectra of organic fluorophores. Photochemistry and Photobiology, 64, 316-320. 

Speakers on the radio gestnre emphatically even thongh they are ont of sight of the audience. Use normal descriptive gestnres that everyone uses in conversation to indicate length, height, speed, roundness, and so forth. 

Burstein, E.A. and Emelyanenko, V. L, 1996, Log-normal description of fluorescence spectra of organic fluorophores. Photochemistry and Photobiology 64, 316-320. Ganguly, M. and Westphal, U. 1968, Steroid.protein interactions. XVll. Influence of solvent environment on interaction between human aj-acid glycoprotein and progesterone. Journal of Biological Chemistry 243, 6130-6139. 

The normal description of a biomaterial is a substance that is used in prostheses or in medical devices designed for contact with the living body for an intended application and for a planned time period. The development of... 

Carbonate rocks are not normally transported over long distances, and we find carbonate reservoir rocks mostly at the location of origin, in situ . They are usually the product of marine organisms. However, carbonates are often severely affected by diagenetic processes. A more detailed description of altered carbonates and their reservoir properties is given below in the description of diagenesis . 

An instability of the impulse MTS method for At slightly less than half the period of a normal mode is confirmed by an analytical study of a linear model problem [7]. For another analysis, see [2]. A special case of this model problem, which gives a more transparent description of the phenomenon, is as follows Consider a two-degree-of-freedom system with Hamiltonian p + 5P2 + + 4( 2 This models a system of two springs con-... 

You can order the molecular orbitals that arc a solution to etjtia-tion (47) accordin g to th eir en ergy, Klectron s popii late the orbitals, with the lowest energy orbitals first. normal, closed-shell, Restricted Hartree hock (RHK) description has a nia.xirnuin of Lw o electrons in each molecular orbital, one with electron spin up and one w ith electron spin down, as sliowm ... 

Descriptions given in Section 4 of this chapter about the imposition of boundary conditions are mainly in the context of finite element models that use elements. In models that use Hermite elements derivatives of field variable should also be included in the set of required boundai conditions. In these problems it is necessary to ensure tluit appropriate normality and tangen-tiality conditions along the boundaries of the domain are satisfied (Petera and Pittman, 1994). 

The layers were separated and four extractions with the light petroleum fraction (50-ml portions) were carried out without delay (note 1). The combined extracts were washed with ice-water and subsequently dried over magnesium sulfate. The solution was warmed in a water-pumpvacuum and the ethoxyacetylene condensed in a receiver cooled at -80°C (see Chapter I for the description of this procedure). Redistillation of the contents of the receiver at normal pressure (760 nmHg) through a 40-cm Vigreux column gave ethoxyacetylene, b.p. 52°C, n ° 1.3820 in 62-702 yield. 

Particularly in mass spectrometry, where discharges are used to enhance or produce ions from sample materials, mostly coronas, plasmas, and arcs are used. The gas pressure is normally atmospheric, and the electrodes are arranged to give nonuniform electric fields. Usually, coronas and plasmas are struck between electrodes that are not of similar shapes, complicating any description of the discharge because the resulting electric-field gradients are not uniform between the electrodes. 

The term nebulizer is used generally as a description for any spraying device, such as the hair spray mentioned above. It is normally applied to any means of forming an aerosol spray in which a volume of liquid is broken into a mist of vapor and small droplets and possibly even solid matter. There is a variety of nebulizer designs for transporting a solution of analyte in droplet form to a plasma torch in ICP/MS and to the inlet/ionization sources used in electrospray and mass spectrometry (ES/MS) and atmospheric-pressure chemical ionization and mass spectrometry (APCI/MS). 

Normal modes of vibration, with their corresponding normal coordinates, are very satisfactory in describing the low-lying vibrational levels, usually those with u = 1 or 2, which can be investigated by traditional infrared absorption or Raman spectroscopy. For certain types of vibration, particularly stretching vibrations involving more than one symmetrically equivalent terminal atom, this description becomes less satisfactory as v increases. 

Now we intend to derive nonpenetration conditions for plates and shells with cracks. Let a domain Q, d B with the smooth boundary T coincide with a mid-surface of a shallow shell. Let L, be an unclosed curve in fl perhaps intersecting L (see Fig.1.2). We assume that F, is described by a smooth function X2 = i ixi). Denoting = fl T we obtain the description of the shell (or the plate) with the crack. This means that the crack surface is a cylindrical surface in R, i.e. it can be described as X2 = i ixi), —h < z < h, where xi,X2,z) is the orthogonal coordinate system, and 2h is the thickness of the shell. Let us choose the unit normal vector V = 1, 2) at F,, ... 

The degree of data spread around the mean value may be quantified using the concept of standard deviation. O. If the distribution of data points for a certain parameter has a Gaussian or normal distribution, the probabiUty of normally distributed data that is within Fa of the mean value becomes 0.6826 or 68.26%. There is a 68.26% probabiUty of getting a certain parameter within X F a, where X is the mean value. In other words, the standard deviation, O, represents a distance from the mean value, in both positive and negative directions, so that the number of data points between X — a and X -H <7 is 68.26% of the total data points. Detailed descriptions on the statistical analysis using the Gaussian distribution can be found in standard statistics reference books (11). 

Description of normal stress measurements on a practical but complex material, paint, is available (150). More recent pubHcations (151—154) give the results of investigations of normal stress differences for a variety of materials. These papers and their references form a useful introduction to the measurement of normal stress differences. 

Descriptions of sulfuric acid analytical procedures not specified by ASTM are available (32,152). Federal specifications also describe the requited method of analysis. Concentrations of 78 wt % and 93 wt % H2SO4 are commonly measured indirectly by determining specific gravity. Higher acid concentrations are normally determined by titration with a base, or by sonic velocity or other physical property for plant control. Sonic velocity has been found to be quite accurate for strength analysis of both filming and nonfuming acid. 

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