Historical Abstract

James Hinton, The First Shop Stewards Movement (London Allen and Unwin, 1973). Department of Employment and Productivity, British Labour Statistics Historical Abstract 1886-1968 (London HMSO, 1971), p.396. 

Department of Employment and Productivity, British Labour Statistics Historical Abstract 1886-1968, London HMSO, 1971. 

Historical Abstracts. 1955-. Ipswich, M A EBSCO. This is considered to be the most comprehensive index of abstracts for articles, book reviews, essays, papers, conference proceedings, and dissertations in world history and the social sciences. The time frame of the topics in history abstracts starts from the 1450s and continues into the present. It covers 2,100 journals, book reviews, and dissertations. The online database included some retrospective coverage of leading history journals that go back to the late nineteenth century. 

Because of the importance of cellulose and the difficulty in unraveling its secrets, several societies (CeUucon, American Chemical Society, and TAPPI) are dedicated to cellulose, lignin, and related molecules, as is at least one journal that is abstracted by Chemicaly hstracts (3). The length of the proceedings of the Tenth Cellulose Conference (1638 pages) (4) indicates the vitaUty and interest in this subject, but research results are pubUshed in many other journals as well. There are also several recent books on cellulose (5—9). Reference 10 is a comprehensive review and is recommended especially for the historical review of proof of chemical stmcture, one of the milestones in organic chemistry. 

Abstract A brief review of major milestones of the historical race to large telescopes is given, from the Galileo s refractor to the 4-6m class telescopes. 

Chemical Abstracts (American Chemical Society) Common (historical)... 

A major part in the language of chemistry is in learning the names of the chemicals (nomenclature). Many chemicals, particularly the more common ones, are known by several different names. For example, the chemical CH3CH2OH has the systematic name ethanol. The publication Chemical Abstracts (American Chemical Society) also uses the name ethanol. The historical or common name is ethyl alcohol or grain alcohol. A nickname for it is just alcohol, and there are various tradenames, depending on the manufacturer. For example, the Fastman Company sells it under the name of Tecsol . Fven trained chemists have trouble with nomenclature, which makes the use of and need for written chemical formulae common among chemists. 

Abstract After some historical remarks we discuss different criteria of dynamical stability of stars and the properties of the critical states where the loss of dynamical stability leads to a collapse with formation of a neutron star or a black hole. At the end some observational and theoretical problems related to quark stars are discussed. 

Most branches of theoretical science can be expounded at various levels of abstraction. The most elegant and formal approach to thermodynamics, that of Caratheodory [1], depends on a familiarity with a special type of differential equation (Pfaff equation) with which the usual student of chemistry is unacquainted. However, an introductory presentation of thermodynamics follows best along historical lines of development, for which only the elementary principles of calculus are necessary. We follow this approach here. Nevertheless, we also discuss exact differentials and Euler s theorem, because many concepts and derivations can be presented in a more satisfying and precise manner with their use. 

Abstract The discovery that mammalian brain expresses the mRNAs for nine different nicotinic cholinergic receptor subunits (a2-a7, p2-p4) that form functional receptors when expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes suggests that many different types of nicotinic cholinergic receptors (nAChRs) might be expressed in the mammalian brain,. Using an historical approach, this chapter reviews some of the... 

An abstract comes at the very beginning of your paper. It is usually required for scientific or mathematical papers that have involved the accumulation of data or facts based upon scientific experiments or formulas. Sometimes, however, it is required for papers written on historical or other subjects. An abstract is simply a short, succinct summary of your paper. It is no more than a paragraph in length and should be written after you have completed your entire paper even though it comes at the beginning of your work. In essence, you can think of an abstract as the blurb or commentary that you see on the back of a book cover. While these blurbs are usually written on the back of books so that readers will buy them. 

Abstract This chapter reviews the methods that are useful for understanding the structure and bonding in Zintl ions and related bare post-transition element clusters in approximate historical order. After briefly discussing the Zintl-Klemm model the Wade-Mingos rules and related ideas are discussed. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the jellium model and special methods pertaining to bare metal clusters with interstitial atoms. 

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