Historic Aspects

E. N. Bamberger, Bearing Design—Historical Aspects, Present Technology and Future Problems, American Society of Mechanical Engineers, New York, 1980, pp. 1-45. 

The reader is referred to previous reviews for historical aspects and early work. For condensed quinazoline systems, The Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compoundsr—Six Membered Heterocyclic Nitrogen Compounds with Four Condensed Rings should be consulted. 

See also Electric Power, Generation of Environmental Problems and Energy Use Explosives and Propellants Meitner, Lise Military Energy Use, Historical Aspects of Molecular Energy Nuclear Energy Nuclear Energy, Historical Evolution of the Use of Nuclear Fission Fuel Nuclear Fusion Nuclear Waste. 

See also-. Aviation Fuel Batteries Engines Fuel Cells Fuel Cell Vehicles Military Energy Use, Historical Aspects of Rocket Propellants Storage Technology. 

Militai"y Energy Use, Historical Aspects of Shannon A. Brown... 

Historical aspects of immunology 4.5.3 Regulation of complement activity... 

Herein we briefly mention historical aspects on preparation of monometallic or bimetallic nanoparticles as science. In 1857, Faraday prepared dispersion solution of Au colloids by chemical reduction of aqueous solution of Au(III) ions with phosphorous [6]. One hundred and thirty-one years later, in 1988, Thomas confirmed that the colloids were composed of Au nanoparticles with 3-30 nm in particle size by means of electron microscope [7]. In 1941, Rampino and Nord prepared colloidal dispersion of Pd by reduction with hydrogen, protected the colloids by addition of synthetic pol5mer like polyvinylalcohol, applied to the catalysts for the first time [8-10]. In 1951, Turkevich et al. [11] reported an important paper on preparation method of Au nanoparticles. They prepared aqueous dispersions of Au nanoparticles by reducing Au(III) with phosphorous or carbon monoxide (CO), and characterized the nanoparticles by electron microscopy. They also prepared Au nanoparticles with quite narrow... 

Hudson, C. S., Historical Aspects of Emil Fischer s Fundamental Conventions for Writing Stereo-formulas in a Plane, III, 1-22... 

Miller JA, Miller EC (1983) Some historical aspects of N-aryl carcinogens and their metabolic activation. Env Health Persp 49 3-12... 

It is worth noting some historical aspects in relation to the instrumentation for observing phosphorescence. Harvey describes in his book that pinhole and the prism setup from Newton were used by Zanotti (1748) and Dessaignes (1811) to study inorganic phosphors, and by Priestley (1767) for the observation of electroluminescence [3], None of them were capable of obtaining a spectrum utilizing Newton s apparatus that is, improved instrumentation was required for further spectroscopic developments. Of practical use for the observation of luminescence were the spectroscopes from Willaston (1802) and Frauenhofer (1814) [13]. 

HINDERSINN Historical Aspects of Polymer Fire Retardance... 

Pepys, J. and Bernstein, I.L., Historical aspects of occupational asthma in Asthma in the Workplace, L. Bernstein, M. Chang-Yeung, J.-L. Malo, and D. I. Bernstein, Eds. Marcel Dekker, New York, 5, 1999. 

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