Chirality historical aspects

There are numerous examples of diastereoselective alkylations of chiral enolates, in which the extant asymmetry of the substrate exerts suitable stereochemical control in the alkylation step [15, 20]. Several useful guiding principles have been determined to aid in predicting the stereochemical outcome. The examples discussed in the following sections have been selected to showcase the power of enolate alkylations for the stereoselective formation of new C-C bonds, as well as to highlight selected historical aspects in the development of the field. 

It is hoped that the aim of this very short review article, to entice the reader into the world of chiral CE and MEKC using CDs, has been fulfilled. A brief description of the importance, historical background, method development, and theoretical and practical aspects concerning this approach is given. Additionally, possible alternative chiral selectors that can be applied in... 

Thennotropic and lyotropic liquid crystals share a common state of matter with many analogies in their structural and physical properties. However, these two fields of liquid crystal research are usually treated completely separately. This is partially due to historical reasons, but also to striking differences in some aspects of these two classes of liquid crystals. One of these differences is the occurrence of thermotropic phases which do not have a lyotropic counterpart A compelling example of this is the thermotropic ferroelectric SmC phase. Due to its unique chirality effects, i.e. ferroelectricity and a helical configuration of the tilt-direction, this phase attracted considerable scientific interest over the last decades. However, there are no reports found in literature about a SmC analog phase in lyotropic liquid crystals. 

In this chapter, we will first present some of the historical and regulatory aspects of chirality in drug development, present a few examples illustrating the importance of knowing... 

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