Highways, tunnels, and bridges

Restricted Transportation Routes Some states have laws that restrict the highways over which certain hazardous materials can travel. Restrictions often occur where there are high densities of people and highly traveled or critical tunnels and bridges. In addition, local ordinances may restrict transportation of hazardous materials. Some state and local restrictions have resulted from public reaction to disasters. 

Highway, road, street, bridge, tunnel, utility, and other workers are exposed to a variety of hazards inside and outside a work zone. Here s a list of work-zone hazards workers may face ... 

When considering the use of stainless rebar, a further type of hidden cost is of relevance. Anyone who has been trapped in a traffic jam resulting from concrete repair work (a common experience in North America) can obviously also attest to such costs as lost productivity, wasted fuel, delivery delays, disruption of trade, etc., which are not easily quantified for highways. In the case of toll bridges and tunnels and harbor facihties, such disruptions have a direct impact on revenue. 

The second factor to be considered is the target attractiveness. Terrorists tend to consider national monuments, major cultural, political, and sporting events, and the financial sector to be particularly attractive, as an attack on such a target is viewed as an attack on their enemy s entire way of life. Likewise, key infrastructure components such as key bridges, tunnels, highways, and railways are more attractive. Finally, the public s fear of chemical and petroleum facilities may make these more attractive targets, more so if materials in the facility have potential off-site consequences if released. 

A nation s quality of life is heavily dependent on its infrastmcture which includes, but is not limited to, its water supply and wastewater systems, transportation systems (e.g., highways, bridges, tunnels, railroads, airports, ports), stormwater management and flood control systems, communication systems, power generation and distribution systems, and other structures, facilities, and systems supportive of daily life. The infrastructure is built and maintained by the constmction industry. Annual U.S. constmction is on the order of a trillion (1,000 billion) dollars making it the largest product-based, contrasted with service-based, industry in the country (Halpin 2006). 

Heavy engineered construction Included here are projects where the owner is typically a government entity and the publicly-financed structures, facilities, or systems are major public infrastructure elements. Examples are highways, bridges, tunnels, airports, ports, harbors, dams, flood control works, water and wastewater systems, and storm water management systems. This construction... 

Further research will be focused on illustrative applications on the developed methodology in the assessment of Czech highway bridges and tunnels. 

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