High-resolution synchrotron X-ray

Manke, Ch. Hartnig, M. Grunerbel, et al. Investigation of water evolution and transport in fuel cells with high resolution synchrotron x-ray radiography. Applied Physics Letters 90 (2007) 174105-1-174105-3. 

Two types of contributions to dielectric and piezoelectric properties of ferroelectric ceramics are usually distinguished [6], [9-12], One type is called an intrinsic contribution, and it is due to the distortion of the crystal lattice under an applied electric field or a mechanical stress. The second type is called an extrinsic contribution, and it results from the motion of domain walls or domain switching [8], To provide an understanding of material properties of pzt, several methods to separate the intrinsic and extrinsic contributions were proposed. These methods are indirect, and are based on measurements of the dielectric and piezoelectric properties of ferroelectric ceramics [8], [10-12], In the experiments reported in this paper a different approach is adopted, which is based on measurements of high-resolution synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction. The shift in the positions of the diffraction peaks under applied electric field gives the intrinsic lattice deformation, whereas the domain switching can be calculated from the change in peak intensities [13,14],... 

The present work summarizes opportunities of using high-resolution synchrotron and standard xrd techniques for structural characterization as well as for investigations of structure-property-relationships. xrd will be used to determine quantitatively the phase content of morphotropic pzt. Temperature dependent measurements provide information about the phase transformation of morphotropic donor doped pzt ceramics and high-resolution synchrotron X-ray diffraction gives information about the extrinsic and intrinsic contributions to the electric field induced strain, xrd results are finally compared with electrical measurements to analyze the interactions among microstructure, phase content and properties. 

Eylem C, Hriljac JA, Ramamrrrthy V, Corbin DR, Parise JB (1996) Stmctirre of a zeolite ZSM-5-bithiophene complex as determined by high resolution synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction. Chem Mater 8 844-849... 

A Quench D5niamics protocol (a combination of high temperature Molecular Dynamics and Energy Minimization techniques) is used for predicting the location of triethylmethylammonium (TEMA) cations in zeolite MFI. Rietveld refinement of the high-resolution synchrotron X-ray diffraction data confirms these predictions. The TEMA cations are located at the channels intersections in two different conformations with two ethyl groups located in the linear channel. 

As in the S phase, Sg lacks true long-range translational order because of the Peierls-Landau instability. Theoretically, the existence of molecular tilt implies that there must be a certain degree of bond-orientational order in the Sg phase. This has been verified experimentally by a high resolution synchrotron X-ray study of the transition from Sg to S, in a monodomain freely suspended film. It will be recalled that S, is a tilted hexatic phase. The bond-orientational order parameter Cg (as defined in (5.7.1), but appropriately modified to allow for the fact that the molecules are tilted) is plotted as a function of temperature in fig. 5.8.2. The weak bond-orientational order in evolves continuously into S, showing... 

Menou, N., Muller, Ch Baturin, I.S., Shur, V.Ya., and Hodeau, J.-L. (2005) Polarization fatigue in PbZro.45Tio.55Oj-based capacitors studied from high resolution synchrotron X-ray diffraction. J. Appl. Phys., 97, 064108. 

Hartnig, C., Manke, I., Schloesser, J., Kruger, P., Kuhn, R., Riesemeier, H., Wippermann, K., and Banhart, J. (2009) High resolution synchrotron X-ray investigation of carbon dioxide evolution in operating direct methanol fuel cells. Electrochem. Commun., 11, 1559-1562. 

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