Hierarchical nanocomposites materials

Scheme 7.3 Schematic representation of the hierarchically nanocomposite fabrication in situ polymerization of EDOT on 3D graphene material to form PEDOT/graphene, and subsequent growth of uniformly distributed LMO (LMO/PEDOT/graphene). Panel is reproduced with permission [49]. Copyright 2011, Wiley.

Hierarchical meso-/macroporous phosphatcd and phosphonated titania nanocomposite materials with high photocatalytic activity... 

Tao SY, Shi ZY, Li GT, Li P (2006) Hierarchically structured nanocomposite films as highly sensitive chemosensory materials for TNT detection. Chem Phys Chem 7 1902... 

Two-dimensional nanostructures have two dimensions outside of the nanometric size range, such as nanoplates, nanosheets, and nanodisks. Graphene is a typical two-dimensional film, which is composed of a one-atom-thick planar sheet of sp -bonded carbon atoms that are densely packed into a honeycomb crystal lattice. This material exhibits a high electrical conductivity, a high surface area of over 2600 m g , an elevated chemical tolerance, and a broad electrochemical window. Therefore, they were used to form two-dimensional nanocomposites with polymers. The graphene not only increases the electrical conductivity of the polymer, but also enhance its mechanical stability. Conducting polymers with various hierarchical structures have been deposited on... 

It is important to emphasize that many natural tissues are essentially composed of nanoscale biopolymers or biocomposites with hierarchical architectures. Therefore, by mimicking the structure and property of their natural counterparts, synthetic nanopoiymers and nanocomposites are very likely to enhance/regulate the functions of specific cells or tissues. This principle has been demonstrated by the success of bioinspired polymers and composites in both clinical practice and in laboratory research. In particular, bone is the hierarchical tissue that has inspired a myriad of biomimetic materials, devices, and systems for decades. This chapter focuses on this well-developed area of biomimetic or bioinspired nanopoiymers and nanocomposites for bone substitution and regeneration, especially those with high potentials for clinical applications in the near future. 

B. Simionescu, I.E. Bordianu, M. Aflori, E. Doroftei, M. Mares, X. Patras, et al.. Hierarchically structured polymer blends based on silsesquioxane hybrid nanocomposites with quaternary ammonium units for antimicrobial coatings. Materials Chemistry and Physics 134(2012) 190-199. 

Kazakeviciute-Makovska R, Steeb H (2013) Hierarchical architecture and modeling of bio-inspired mechanically adaptive polymer nanocomposites. In Altenbach H, Forest S, Krivtsov A (eds) Generalized continua as models for materials. Advanced structured materials, vol 22. Springer, Berlin, pp 199-215... 

Because the vine-twining polymerization based on the enzymatic polymerization provides amylosic supramolecular nanocomposites with well-defined stractures, which are hardly produced by conventional chemical synthetic method, the present approach will be extended to the systems using newly designed guest polymer components with hierarchically ordered stracture. Accordingly, the approach has a potential to fabricate additional eco-friendly supramolecular nanocomposites. Furthermore, the eco-liiendly supramolecular nanocomposites based on amylose are practically applicable to the biomedical and environmentally benign materials in the future. 

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