Herbicide canola

Oilseed rape (Canola) AgrEvo/1995 PAT Streptomyces viridochromogenes Tolerance to the herbicide glufosinate... 

Oilseed rape (Canola) Monsanto/1995 EPSPS, glyphosate oxidoreductase (GOX) Agrobacterium sp. strain CP4, Achromobacter sp. strain LBAA Tolerance to the herbicide glyphosate... 

CFIA (Canadian Food Inspection Agency) (1995). Decision Document DD95-02 Determination of Environmental Safety of Monsanto Canada Inc. s Roundup Herbicide-tolerant Brassica napus Canola Line GT73, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Ottawa,... 

Friesen, L.F., Nelson, A.G. and Van Acker, R.C. (2003). Evidence of contamination of pedigreed canola (Brassica napus) seedlots in western Canada with genetically engineered herbicide resistance traits . Agron J, 95, 1342-1347. 

Legere, A. (2005). Risks and consequences of gene flow from herbicide-resistant crops canola (Brassica napus L) as a case study , Pest Manag Sci., 61, 292-300. 

Rieger, M.A., Lamond, M., Preston, C., Powles, S.B. and Roush, R.T. (2002). Pollen-mediated movement of herbicide resistance between commercial canola fields, Science, 296, 2386-2388. 

Brimner, T.A., Gallivan, G.J. and Stephenson, G.R. (2005) Influence of herbicide-resistant canola on the environmental impact of weed management. Pestic Manage Sci, 61, 47—... 

Bettini, P, S. McNally, M. Sevignac, H. Darmency, J. Gasquez, and M. Dron (1987). Atrazine resistance in Chenopodium album Low and high levels of resistance to the herbicide are related to the same chloroplast psb A gene mutation. Plant Physiol., 84 1442-1446. Beversdorf, W.D., B.J. Hume, and M.J. Donelly-Vanderloo (1988). Agronomic performance of triazine-resistant and susceptible reciprocal spring canola hybrids. Crop Sci., 22 932-934. 

Upadhyay, B.M., E.G. Smith, G.W. Clayton, K.N. Harker, and R.E. Blackshaw (2006). Economics of integrated weed management in herbicide-resistant canola. Weed Sci., 54 138-147. 

Since TP, SU and IM are slow to bring about plant death, there are significant opportunities to exploit metabolism of the herbicide to influence crop tolerance. Metabolism has indeed been the overriding parameter determining crop selectivity (5c.16.17). ALS inhibiting herbicides in development and/or full commercialization are known to have selectivities to all the major crops including corn, soybeans, wheat, barley, rice, cotton and canola. 

Herbicide tolerant canola varieties constitute a major part of the canola grown in Canada... 

Canola Herbicide tolerant 0.531 million pounds less of active ingredient per year (0.871 million acres) Comparison of estimated glyphosate use per acre with that of theoretical alternative mixes of three herbicides... 

In a similar fashion, the EIQ has been applied to Canadian canola cultivation in order to estimate the environmental impact of the adoption of herbicide tolerant canola, which includes transgenic varieties. In recent years, herbicide tolerant canola varieties (glyphosate-, glufosinate-, and imidazolinone-tolerant) have been adopted by Canadian fanners at a larges scale, accounting for 80% of the national canola acreage in 2000. The adoption of these herbicide tolerant varieties has been associated with a concomitant decrease in herbicide use on canola. The environmental impact of herbicide use on canola determined by the EIQ method decreased in correlation with the decreased amounts of herbicide applied to the crops, rather than this would be due to different intrinsic properties (EIQ) of the herbicides involved [23]. 

T. A. Brimner, G. R. Stephenson. Influence of Herbicide-Tolerant Canola on Herbicide Use Patterns and the Environmental Impact of Weed Management , Poster presented at the lUPAC International Congress on the Chemistry of Crop Protection, Basel Switzerland, August 4-9, 2002. 

Novel herbicide tolerance to a number of broad-spectrum herbicides, including bro-moxynil, glyphosate, glufosinate ammonium, imidolozinones, and triazines, has been added to new rapeseed and double-low rapeseed (canola) cultivars developed and released in Canada in recent years (McVetty and Zelmer 2007). These herbicide... 

Rapeseed and double-low rapeseed (canola) cultivars in Canada have traditionally been open-pollinated population cultivars in both B. nap us and B. rapa. More recently, hybrid 5. napus double-low rapeseed (canola) cultivars have been developed and released in Canada. Most of these hybrids are also herbicide tolerant. Nearly 50% of double-low rapeseed (canola) production in Canada in 2005 was of hybrid B. napus types (Brandt and Clayton 2005). This proportion increases annually. 

New introductions, including herbicide-resistant canola, virus-resistant papaya, and other food crops, have been accepted. Soybean producing an oil containing the co-3 fatty acid stearidonate has been developed for the nutraceutical and fish farm feed market [3]. Interestingly, the earliest genetically engineered oilseed crop was... 

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