Hemp fiber polypropylene composites

Falk, R.H., and Felton, C. (2009) Mechanical performance of hemp fiber polypropylene composites at different operating temperatures. J. Reinf. Plast. Compos., 29, 664-674. 

A. Rachini, G. Mougin, S. Delalande, J. Y. Charmeau, C. Barres, and E. Fleury, Hemp fibers/polypropylene composites by reactive compounding Improvement of physical properties promoted by selective coupling chemistry. Polymer Degradation and Stability 97 (10), 1988-95 (2012). 

A. Elkhaoulani, F.Z. Arrakhiz, K. Benmoussa, R. Bouhfid, and A. Qaiss, Mechanical and thermal properties of polymer composite based on natural fibers Moroccan hemp fibers/ polypropylene. Mater. Des. 49, 203-208 (2013). 

Park J M, Quang S T, Hwang B S, Lawrence DeVries K (2006) Interfacial evaluation of modified jute and hemp fibers/polypropylene (PP)-maleic anhydride polypropylene copolymers (PP-MAPP) composites using micromechanical technique and nondestructive acoustic emission . Comp Sci Techn, 66, 2686-2699. 

Kord, B. Effect of nanoparticles loading on properties of polymeric composite based on Hemp Fiber/Polypropylene. Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials. 2012,25,793-806. 

M. Dewidar, M. Bakrey, A.M. Hashim, A. Abdel-Haleem, Kh Diab, Mechanical properties of polypropylene reinforced hemp fiber composite. Mater. Phys. Mech. 15, 119-125 (2012)... 

Additionally, besides the movement of fibers occurring in a whole bulk of molten polymer, the phenomenon of shearing is also present, which occurs between polypropylene chains and injection mold. It was found that a small amount (5% by weight) of flax or hemp fibers in injected polymer already causes the presence of hexagonal form in molds. As the content of fibers in the composite increases (by weight), the amount of induced p form increases and exceeds 25% at 10% fiber content in the composite. Further increasing of short fiber content... 

Studies on acetylation as one of the methods for modification of lignocellulosic materials are conducted at our research center [7-9, 30, 33, 79-81]. Tables 10.1 and 10.2 show the values of strength of composites based on polypropylene matrix and long flax or hemp fibers. These components were obtained by compression molding according to a procedure described in a patent [82]. The developed method... 

Beckermann G (2007) Performance of hemp fiber reinforced polypropylene composites materials. Thesis, Materials and process engineering, Waikato University... 

Bourmaud A, Baley C (2007) Investigations on the recycling of hemp and sisal fiber reinforced polypropylene composites. Polym Degrad Stab 92 1034—1045... 

S. Panthapulakkal, and M. Sain, Injection-molded short hemp fiber/glass fiber-reinforced polypropylene hybrid composites—Mechanical, water absorption and thermal properties. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 103, 2432-2441, (2007). 

M. Pervaiz, M. Sain, and A. Ghosh, Evaluation of the influence of fibre length and concentration on mechanical performance of hemp fibre reinforced polypropylene composite. 7. Nat. Fibers 2, 67-84 (2006). 

The impact of corona treatment of hemp fibers on the mechanical properties of polypropylene composites was reported by Ragoubi et al. [110]. They characterized the mechanical properties of composites obtained from different combinations of... 

Vignon MR, Dupeyre D, GarciaJaldon C (1996) Morphological characterization of steam-exploded hemp fibers and their utilization in polypropylene-based composites. Bioresour Technol 58(2) 203-215... 

Shivnand HK, Inamdar PS, Sapthagiri G. Evaluation of tensile and flexural properties of hemp and polypropylene based natural fiber composites. 2010 2nd International Conference on Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering. IEEE 2010. p. 90-5. 

Figure 13.2 Polarized optical micrograph of iPP composite with 20 wt% of hemp fibers during isothermal crystallization at 132°C. Reprinted from Pracella, M., et al. Functionalization, compatibilization and properties of polypropylene composites with Hemp fibres. Compos. Sci. Technol. 2006, 66, 2218-2230, with permission from Elsevier, Copyright 2005.

Natural fiber reinforced polymer composites have attracted the attention of the research community [88] and extended to almost all the fields. Much work is done in the application of natural fiber as reinforcement in polymer composite [114]. Natural fibers are an attractive research area because they are eco-friendly, inexpensive, abundant and renewable, lightweight, have low density, high toughness, high specific properties, biodegradability and non-abrasive to processing characteristics, and lack of residues upon incineration [120, 119]. Natural fiber composites such as hemp fiber-epoxy, flax fiber-polypropylene (PP), and china reed fiber-PP are particularly attractive in automotive applications because of lower eost and lower density. 

U.S. Pat. No. 6,939,496 [43] discloses a system and method of extruding plastic-cellulose fiber composite material, comprising 60-95% by weight of a thermoplastic polymer such as polypropylene, polyethylene, and PVC, 20-30% of cellulose fiber obtained from such materials as wood sawdust (60 mesh particle size), hemp, flax, straw and wheat, and a binding agent mixed with the filler. 

U.S. Pat. No. 6,942,829 [72] discloses a method of forming a polymer-wood composite material comprising 20-80% by weight of cellulose filler such as hardwood fiber, softwood fiber, hemp, jute, rice hulls, and wheat straw, 20-80% of a thermoplastic polymer such as polypropylene, polyethylene, polyamides, polyesters, and other polymers, 0.1-10% of a blend of a nonionic compatibilizer and a lubricant. 

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