Held product

In continuous production, product is inspected by taking samples from the line which are then examined while the line continues producing product. In such cases you will need a means of holding product produced between sampling points until the results of the tests and inspections are available. You will also need a means of releasing product when the results indicate that the product is acceptable. So a Product Release Procedure or Held Product Procedure may be necessary. The standard implies, however, that if you have released product under positive recall procedures you do not need to hold product while in-process inspection and tests are performed. The reference to clause 4.10.3(a) is also ambiguous because the inspections and tests carried out in accordance with the quality plan or documented procedures may not cover those necessary to verify product on receipt into the plant. It would be wise to hold any product until you have... 

Provide areas for held product pending results of final inspection. 

Intensity at a Point of Superposition (1.17) The measurable physical parameter of an optical wave is its energy density or intensity. If two fields are superimposed, the measured intensity is given by the sum of the individual intensities plus aterm which describes the long term correlation of the field amplifudes. Long ferm means time scales which are large compared to the inverse of the mean frequency uj/2Tt (about 10 s) the time scale is set by the time resolution of the detector. This is why the held product term is expressed in the form of an ergodic mean ). An interferometer produces superimposed helds, the correlation of which carries the desired information about the astronomical source. We will discuss exactly how this happens in the following sections. 

Stability and mechanical requirements impact tests drop tests, hand-held products stability of nonfixed equipment enclosure openings access hazard guarding (refer to standards for requirements and tests) ... 

In the second case the triboadhesive method maybe used, for example, in separating asbestos fiber (the falling-out product) from mineral dust adhering to the surface of the drum (captured or held product) [423]. 

This product, given the abbreviation FOD (fuel-oil domestique) in France, still held a considerable market share there of 17 Mt in 1993. However, since 1973 when its consumption reached 37 Mt, FOD has seen its demand shrink gradually owing to development of nuclear energy and electric heating. FOD also faces strong competition with natural gas. Nevertheless, its presence in the French, European and worldwide petroleum balance will still be strong beyond tbe year 2000. 

If it is desired to carry out the combined operations of stirring, refluxing, and addition of a liquid in a stream of gas, the apparatus of Fig. 77, 7, 12, a may be used the side tube for the gas is sealed on to the separatory funnel. For the passage of a gas into a stirred liquid, the aperture carrying the modified separatory funnel may be fitted with the device shown in Fig. 77, 7, 12, 6 the glass rod inside the tube is held in position by a short length of heavy-wall rubber tubing and is employed to clear the lower end of the gas delivery tube, should it become blocked with solid reaction product. 

The emulsion process can be modified for the continuous production of latex. One such process (68) uses two stirred-tank reactors in series, followed by insulated hold-tanks. During continuous operation, 60% of the monomers are continuously charged to the first reactor with the remainder going into the second reactor. Surfactant is added only to the first reactor. The residence time is 2.5 h for the first reactor where the temperature is maintained at 65°C for 92% conversion. The second reactor is held at 68°C for a residence time of 2 h and conversion of 95%. 

L. CrandaH, Production ofBerkelium and Californium, Proceedings of the Symposium Commemorating the 25th Anniversary of Elements 97 and 98 held on January 20, 1975, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratoy, Report HBL-4566. Available as TID 4500-R64 from National Technical Information Center, Springfield, Va., 1975. 

At the completion of adsorption, the less selectively adsorbed components have been recovered as product. However, a significant quantity of the weaMy adsorbed species are held up in the bed, especially in the void spaces. A cocurrent depressurization step reduces the bed pressure by allowing dow out of the bed cocurrendy to feed dow and thus reduces the amount of product retained in the voids (holdup), improving product recovery, and increases the concentration of the more strongly adsorbed components in the bed. The purity of the more selectively adsorbed species has been shown to depend strongly on the cocurrent depressurization step for some appHcations (66). A cocurrent depressurization step is optional because a countercurrent one always exists. Criteria have been developed to indicate when the use of both is justified (67). 

Steps. A purge-swing cycle usually has two steps, adsorption and purge. Sometimes, a cocurrent purge is added. After the adsorption step has been completed and the less selectively adsorbed components have been recovered, an appreciable amount of product is still stored in the bed. A purge cocurrent to feed can increase recovery by displacing the fluid held in the voids. 

The reason for the popularity of anhydrous ammonia is its economy. No further processing is needed and it has a very high (82.2%) nitrogen content. Additionally if held under pressure or refrigerated, ammonia is a Hquid. Being a Hquid, pipeline transport is practical and economical. A network of overland pipelines (Fig. 4) is in operation in the United States to move anhydrous ammonia economically from points of production near natural gas sources to points of utilization in farming areas (see Pipelines). 

Fine chemical companies are generally either small and privately held or divisions of larger companies, such as Eastman Fine Chemicals (United States) and Lonza (Switzerland). Examples of large public fife science companies, which market fine chemicals as a subsidiary activity to their production for captive use, are Hoffmann-La Roche, Sandoz, and Boehringer Ingelheim, which produce and market bulk vitamins and liquid crystal intermediates, dyestuff intermediates, and bulk active ingredients, respectively. Table 3 fists some representative companies having an important fine chemical business. 

Worldwide demand for DMF in acryhc fiber production has held up better than in the United States. The high solubiUty of polyacrylonitrile in DMF, coupled with DMF s high water miscibility, makes it an attractive solvent for this appHcation. Its principal competition in this area comes from DMAC. 

Factor VIII, immunoglobulin, and albumin are all held as protein precipitates, the first as cryoprecipitate and the others as the Cohn fractions FI + II + III (or FII + III) and FIV + V (or FV), respectively (Table 7, Fig. 2). Similarly, Fractions FIVj + FIV can provide an intermediate product for the preparation of antithrombin III and a-1-proteinase inhibitor. This abiUty to reduce plasma to a number of compact, stable, intermediate products, together with the bacteriacidal properties of cold-ethanol, are the principal reasons these methods are stiU used industrially. 

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