Head-up display

Multilayered structures play an important role in the production of, e.g., biomaterials, catalysts, corrosion protectors, detectors/diodes, gas and humidity sensors, integral circuits, optical parts, solar cells, and wear protection materials. One of the most sophisticated developments is a head-up-display (HUD) for cars, consisting of a polycarbonate substrate and a series of the layers Cr (25 nm), A1 (150 nm), SiO, (55 nm), TiO, (31 nm), and SiO, (8 nm). Such systems should be characterized by non-destructive analytical methods. 

Unlike the constraints on anode material, the constraints on cathode materials are usually lower because typically they do not need to constitute the transparent electrode material. In certain instances, where a completely transparent OLED is needed (windshield and heads-up displays), ITO may also be used as the cathode with suitable modification [12]. In general, cathode materials are pure metals or metal alloys. The requirements for cathode materials are as follows ... 

Microfabricated devices capable of switching optical light beams, also termed MOEMS, have gained attention about a decade ago for applications like optical fiber switches, microscanners, or digital micromirror arrays. Particularly, the latter devices have found widespread application in video projection systems for office presentations, home cinema, and very recently, the replacement of classical projectors in movie theaters. Other applications, for example, for head-up displays on auto windscreens are in development. In all cases, arrays of small micromirrors are used for the modulation of light. 

OLEDs are normally fabricated on a transparent substrate and therefore on top of a transparent anode. However, several potential applications, such as micro-displays integrated on a crystalline silicon chip or a totally transparent OLED array for a heads-up display, require a transparent top electrode. There has been some work published describing the development of transparent cathodes. The most obvious approach is to use a very thin metal layer, such as Mg Ag, overcoated with a transparent conductor, such a.s ITO [94]. This is not so trivial as it appears, since the cathode metal must survive the reactive sputtering process employed to deposit the ITO. Another approach uses no metal but rather a CuPc layer between the electron-transporting Alqs and the ITO [95]. It is suggested dial the oxidative environment during ITO deposition results in heavy n-type doping near the CuPc interface. 

Withnall R, Silver J, Rose J (2004) Phosphor screens excited by blue LEDs as a white light source for full colour head up displays in automobiles. In Proceedings of EL 2004, Sept. 20-23, Toronto, Canada, pp. 325-328... 

Silver J, Withnall R, Rose JA (2005) Broad-band green phosphor screens as a light source for head up displays in moving platforms, technical abstracts. Opto Ireland, April 4-6, Dublin, Ireland, p. 87... 

A variety of novel image-presentafion mefhods have been proposed for example, heads-up displays, as in the works of Rolland and Fuchs [63] or Salb et al. [64], in which a semitransparent display is mounted directly onto the surgeon s head. The projection of images directly onto the patient anatomy has also been the subject of recent research examples include ceiling-mounted projection [65], in which the patient is positioned underneath the projector and the internal anatomy is displayed directly on the skin. Handheld projection has also been explored this allows hidden anatomy or targehng information to be displayed directly on the patient [66]. 

Hand-wom terminals Head-up display Smart clothing Smart glass Remote medic Personal tracking device... 

Biaxial MBMS mirror laser scanners are very interesting for the realization of compact projection systems, for example, for head-up displays in cars or for pico projectors in... 

Many companies continue to develop new flight and avionics systems for aircraft. These products often emphasize integrating existing systems and applying declassified military advances to civilian uses. For example, Rockwell Gollins s Pro Line Fusion integrated avionics system uses the military head-up display (HUD) technology for civilian business jets. 

The cockpit will grow into an interactive space that may include a heads-up display and/or hehnet visor display. Alternatively, a big picture approach has been suggested in which the entire cockpit display area is one large reconhgurable element that integrates system readouts and controls. Reconfiguration is important where flight mode determines the cockpit display needs. 

In recent years, there has been a dramatic increase in the deployment of software in safety-related and safety-critical systems. If we consider a specific category within safety-critical systems for illustration, military aircraft, it is evident that the ongoing requirements for increased functionality and capability have resulted in dramatic growth in the number and complexity of avionics and mission systems in order to provide air superiority over potential adversaries. These mission systems include, but are not limited to, head-up displays (HUD), digital map displays, sensor systems, retina-tracking target-designation systems, and electronic countermeasures systems. 

In this chapter, several studies on reflective coating using sol-gel method are introduced and as for one example of them, the combiner of selective reflective screen applied to automotive head-up display (HUD) system developed by Central Glass in 1988 is described in detail (Hattori, 1989 Makita, 1998). It is the world first example of utilization of sol-gel thin film for car windows. 

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