Electronic countermeasure

Missile payload varies from nuclear, through HE fitted with proximity fuzes, to chemical warheads. Electronic countermeasures equip-... 

G. Wire Controlled Guidance Systems Owing to the fact that radio command giidance systems were susceptible to electronic countermeasures (jamming), a control by wires was developed. The system was installed in the... 

Applications. Information gathering devices emit RF radiation. The devices include radar (air and ground), transponders, motion detectors, projectile tracking, surveillance, and many additional types of information gathering devices. Broadcast devices include radio and satellite communication terminals and electronic countermeasures systems. 

Jacob Beser, the electronic countermeasures officer, an engineering student at Johns Hopkins before he enlisted, found an image from the seashore for the turmoil he saw ... 

Many military strategists believe that the greatest prospects for advancing a country s ability to fight more effectively lie in the development of more sophisticated tools for information warfare. Devices already available, such as GPS, surveillance satellites, and radar have proven effective in combat however, refinements to improve their accuracy and reliability, especially in the face of electronic countermeasures, will continue to be required. Electronic command and control tools—instruments such as the Internet and handheld devices that rely on satellites for broadcast capability—will also require constant updating or replacement with yet-undiscovered technologies that can give commanders improved ability to communicate with subordinates or superiors to direct activities and provide necessary support on the battlefield. 

Electronic countermeasure Electronic equipment, system, or procedure to sense, detect, disturb, or destroy a transmitter by detecting the transmitter signals. 

Electronic warfare support measures (ESM) or electronic warfare support (ES) are the actions and efforts taken to listen, to search space and time, to intercept and locate the source of radiated energy, and to analyze, identify, and characterize the electromagnetic energy. Tactical employment of forces is established and plans are executed for electronic countermeasures. 

Electronic countermeasures (ECM) or electronic attack (EA) are those actions taken to reduce the enemy s effective use of the electromagnetic spectrum. These actions may include jamming, electronic deception, false targets, chaff, flares, transmission disruption, and changing tactics. 

In recent years, there has been a dramatic increase in the deployment of software in safety-related and safety-critical systems. If we consider a specific category within safety-critical systems for illustration, military aircraft, it is evident that the ongoing requirements for increased functionality and capability have resulted in dramatic growth in the number and complexity of avionics and mission systems in order to provide air superiority over potential adversaries. These mission systems include, but are not limited to, head-up displays (HUD), digital map displays, sensor systems, retina-tracking target-designation systems, and electronic countermeasures systems. 

Pods (laser designator, electronic countermeasures, store control, data link, reconnaissance)... 

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