Hazardous residues, removal from

At closure, the owner/operator must remove all hazardous waste and hazardous residues from the incinerator equipment site. In addition, throughout the operating period, if the residue removed from the incinerator is a hazardous waste, the owner or operator becomes a generator of hazardous waste and must manage the residue in accordance with the requirements applicable. 

Pyridine and BF3 in methanol are hazardous and must be used only in a well-ventilated hood. A solvent partition after acylation helps remove residual pyridine from the sample. Material Safety Data Sheets for the derivatizing agents should be reviewed and kept readily available. 

The results of this situation can be readily foreseen. A requisition for a specific item is occasionally filled with an item which, at first glance, appears to be the one requested but, actually, was formulated for a different purpose and is either inadequate or dangerous to use for the intended purpose. A specific example of the hazards inherent in this situation may be found in the case of insecticide space spray composed of 1% DDT, 0.1% pyrethrins, or 2.5% thiocyanate in deodorized kerosene and 5% residual-effect DDT, both of which are issued in 5-gallon steel drums. Obviously, if a requisition for residual-effect DDT were to be filled with space spray, the application of the solution as a residual-effect compound w ould be of little or no value. Under some conditions, when stocks have been exposed to such adverse weather conditions that all gross identifying marks have been removed from the containers, the assumption has been made by the untrained native laborers that all unidentifiable cans of the same size contained the same material. Were it possible to have just one insecticide for all military purposes, such a situation could easily be avoided. 

Zinc fertilizers made from recycled hazardous secondary materials. U.S. EPA promulgated a conditional exclusion from the definition of solid waste for hazardous secondary materials that are recycled to make zinc fertilizers or zinc fertilizer ingredients. Zinc, an important micronutrient for plants and animals, can be removed from zinc-rich manufacturing residue and used to produce zinc micronutrient fertilizer. A second conditional exclusion applies to the zinc fertilizer products made from these secondary materials. 

The use of phenylarsonic feed additives to promote growth in poultry and swine and to treat specific diseases does not seem to constitute a hazard to the animal or to its consumers. Animal deaths and elevated tissue arsenic residues occur only when the arsenicals are fed at excessive dosages for long periods (NAS 1977). Arsenic can be detected at low levels in tissues of animals fed organoarsenicals, but it is rapidly eliminated when the arsenicals are removed from the feed for the required 5-day period before marketing (Woolson 1975). 

Many hazardous operations require the use of pipelines to convey product material from one location to another. In time, these pipelines become lined with the hazardous product to the extent they could serve as a media for propagation of an incident from station to station. Therefore, periodically cleaning these lines of the hazardous residue is important to operational safety. Additionally, removing accumulations of residue in the pipelines will increase flow volume, operating efficiency, and will minimize the possibility of product contamination. 

New starch products might be derived from emulsion copolymerization with synthetic monomers and the replacement of all-synthetic polymers. Potential applications could be in flocculation, sizing, modified rheological characteristics, bonding to a wide range of substrates, film formation and in effluent treatment. A critical requirement will be the removal of hazardous residuals and Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval for use in specific paper grades. 

Disaster events may create a sudden influx of patients who have been exposed to a chemical, radiation, or other hazard that requires decontamination. Protecting nurses and other health care workers who respond to chemical or hazardous materials (HAZMAT) mass casualty incidents is critical. Patient decontamination is an organized method of removing residual contaminants from the victim s skin and clothing and should be performed whenever known or suspected contamination has occurred with a hazardous substance through contact with either aerosols, solids, or liquids. The degree of decontamination performed will... 

Aqueous catalysts offer facile catalyst separation for many homogeneous catalytic reactions [1] and several new processes have been commercialized (cf. Section 3.1.1.1). However, aqueous media cannot be used for chemical systems in which a component of the system undergoes undesired chemical reactions with water. Furthermore, the low solubility of many organic compounds in water could limit the applications of aqueous catalysts. Nonaqueous biphasic systems could overcome these limitations, provided the catalyst is preferentially soluble in the catalyst phase at the conditions under which the catalyst phase is separated from the product phase. It should be noted that there may be some catalyst loss into the product phase. The acceptable level of catalyst leaching depends on the quality specifications of the product, whether the residual catalyst could cause any health and/or environmental hazards, and the cost of the catalyst. When the leached catalyst has to be removed from the product phase, the cost of additional conventional catalyst separation and recycling must be considered also. 

OB of nonfragmenting explosives is conducted in burning trays, which are designed without cracks or angular comers to prevent the buildup of explosive residues. The depth of explosive material in a tray may not exceed 3 inches, and the net explosive weight of materials in a tray may not exceed 1,000 lb. The distance between the trays for explosive devices is determined by hazards analysis, but, in the absence of such analysis, trays are placed parallel to one another and separated by at least 150 ft. These distances may vary for OB of bare explosives or explosives-contaminated soils. When wet explosives are being burned, trays may be lined with nonexplosive combustible materials, such as scrap wood, to ensure complete combustion. An OB tray may not be inspected until 12 hours after the conclusion of the bum, and a tray may not be reused until 24 hours after the conclusion of the bum or until all ash and residues have been removed from the tray. 

For RCRA, a container or inner liner removed from a container that previously contained a hazardous waste is empty if it contains less than one inch of residue at the bottom of the container or inner liner. This one inch rule does not apply to containers that previously held acutely hazardous materials. These are those commercial chemicals listed in Section 261.33(e) (Table 4.4). The rule also does not apply to containers which held hazardous wastes which are compressed gases these are considered empty for RCRA, and hence not regulated, if they have been vented to atmospheric pressure. 

Hui KS, Chao CYH, Kot SC (2005) Removal of mixed heavy metal ions in wastewater by zeolite 4A and residual products from recycled coal fly ash. J Hazard Mater 127(1—3) 89—101 Ibanez JA, Litter Ml, Pizarro RA (2003) Photocatalydc bactericidal effect of 1102 on Enterobacter cloacae. Comparadve study with other Gram (-) bacteria. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem... 

Adequaey of eleaning out, and removal of residues from, the previous ehemieal earried to avoid eross-eontamination and potential reaetive hazards on refilling. 

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