Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments HSWA

The J 984 Federal Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments (HSWA, pronounced "hiss-wa") to RCRA requires phasing-out land disposal of hazardous waste. Some of the other mandates of this law include increased enforcement authority for EPA, more stringent hazardous waste management standards, and a comprehensive underground storage tank program. 

HSWA, Federal Hazardous and Solid Wastes Amendments (HSWA), U.S. EPA, Washington, DC, November 1984, available at http //www.epa.gov/osw/laws-reg.htm, 2007. 

Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments (HSWA) Superfund Amendments Pollution Prevention Act (PPA)... 

It should be noted that early remedial actions for contaminated soil consisted primarily of excavation and removal of the contaminated soil from the site and its disposal at a landfill. SARA strongly recommends on-site treatment that permanently and significantly reduces the volume, toxicity, or mobility of hazardous substances, and utilizes cost-effective permanent solutions. The legislation prohibits land disposal of hazardous wastes unless U.S. EPA determines otherwise (as in the Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments, HSWA). 

The omnibus provision, added by Congress in the Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments (HSWA),18 allows the U.S. EPA Regional Administrator or state to incorporate into a permit any provision deemed necessary to protect human health and the environment. Even if a facility submits a permit application that is complete and technically adequate, if site-specific factors at the facility... 

The Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA), enacted in 1974 to assure high-quality water supplies through public water system. The act is truly the first federal intervention to set the limits of contaminants in drinking water. The 1986 amendments came two years after passage of the Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments (HSWA) or the RCRA amendments of 1984. As a result, certain statutory provisions were added to these 1986 amendments to reflect the changes made in the underground injection control (UIC) systems. 

The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) was enacted in 1976 and was revised substantially by the Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendment (HSWA) of 1984 (40 CFR pts. 260-280). The RCRA regulates the management of solid wastes that are hazardous. The definition of solid wastes in these regulations generally encompasses all discarded materials (including solid, liquid, semisolid, and contained gaseous materials) and many secondary materials (e.g., spent solvents, byproducts) that are recycled or reused rather than discarded [3]. Products such as commercial pesticides are not ordinarily solid wastes, but they become solid wastes if and when they are discarded or stored, treated, or transported prior to such disposal. 

In 1984, Congress passed amendments to the RCRA that are known as the Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments (HSWA). The HSWA were filled with specific deadlines and requirements to ensure that the USEPA implemented the RCRA (Rosenbaum, 1995). In the early 1980s, the Reagan administration cut USEPA spending and effectively slowed the work of the agency... 

Environmental restoration activities may be conducted under a RCRA, Part B permit when RCRA hazardous wastes are involved. The RCRA hazardous wastes are identified in 40 CFR 261 and Include characteristic" hazardous wastes as defined in subpart C and "listed" hazardous wastes as defined in subpart D. The Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendment (HSWA) to RCRA includes prohibitions on land disposal of hazardous waste. Under this statute, the EPA has issued regulations (40 CFR 286) that ban the land disposal of untreated hazardous waste and has established treatment standards based on the BDAT. The way that these standards can be Involved in a CERCLA remedial action was discussed above. In addition, technical standards for environmental restoration activities conducted under a RCRA, Part B permit are given in 40 CFR 264, Including closure requirements and groundwater concentration limits (see 40 CFR 264.94). 

Knowledge Acquisition and Implementation. The domain knowledge in CORA was obtained from the experiential knowledge of CH2M HILL s environmental engineering experts, information on current EPA policies derived from interviews with senior EPA managers, and from EPA reports (3), the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act (SARA), and the Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments (HSWA). 

During the 1970s and the early 1980s, toxic chemicals and other hazardous wastes were treated by land disposal or by incineration. The Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments (HSWA) of 1984 to the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) severely restricted disposal of wastes in untreated landfills, surface impoundments, and land treatment units. Additionally, negative public opinion was focused on the disproportionate risk borne by those living near incinerators and other hazardous waste treatment and disposal facilities. Environmental laws passed in the 1970s clearly articulated public and congressional dissatisfaction with early site remedies that wholly consisted of containment, off-site disposal, and incineration. 

RCRA also includes the management of nonhazardous wastes, special wastes, industrial wastes, and universal wastes. In 1984, the federal Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments (HSWA) focused attention on waste minimization, land disposal restrictions, corrective actions for releases, and risks to the environment from underground storage tanks. 

Waste minimization was first introduced as a national policy in the 1984 Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments (HSWA) to the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA). The EPA elaborated on the concept in its 1986 Report to Congress. ... 

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