Hazard flying particles

Finally, consideration must be given to health hazards which are associated with working near water. These include biological hazards such as leptospirosis and tetanus and general hazards to health associated with working on any construction site such as noise, vibration and musculoskeletal problems, electricity, mechanical hazards, flying particles, dust and contact with cement. 

A further hazard exists when compressed air jets are used to clean machine components in workplaces flying particles have caused injury and blindness. Cylinders may fail if overpressurized or weakened by the application of heat. Liquefied gases, e.g. butane or propane, respond more rapidly to heat than the permanent gases such as nitrogen or oxygen. Cylinders are normally protected by pressure relief valves, fusible plugs or bursting discs. 

The employer shall ensure that each employee uses appropriate eye or face protection when exposed to eye or face hazards from flying particles, molten metal, liquid chemicals, acids or caustic liquids, chemical gases or vapors, or potentially injurious light radiation. Protective eye and face devices purchased after July 5, 1994 shall comply with ANSI Standard" which is incorporated by reference as specified in Sec. 1910.6. 

Flying particles may cause injiuies to surface tissue upon impact. The likelihood of injury depends on the tissue struck, the strength of the tissue, and the ability of the tissue to absorb and distribute forces. The larger the material in motion, the greater the chances of injury. Initial impact may not be the only concern. The materials may have other hazards associated with them. For example, they may be caustic or they may be rough and cause injury if they contact skin or other tissue. 

Are any employees exposed to eye or face hazards from flying particles, molten metal, liquid chemicals, acids, caustic liquids, chemical gases or vapors, or potentially injurious light radiation ... 

The acceptable level of exposure to the hazard - for some hazards the only acceptable exposure level is zero. One example is the protection of the eyes against flying particles. Occupational exposure limits can be used to gauge acceptable exposure, bearing in mind their limitations... 

Face shields (Figure 2.7) provide protection against impact and splash. However, while they serve to protect the face and neck from flying particles and sprays of hazardous ma-... 

Read through the list of hazards in the second column, putting a check next to the hazards to which employees may be exposed while performing the work activities or while present in the work area, (e.g., work activity chopping wood work-related exposure flying particles). 

The management or disposal of metals and ash, other by-products of the combustion process, also causes concern. Ash is an inert solid material composed primarily of carbon, salts, and metals. During combustion, most ash collects at the bottom of the combustion chamber (bottom ash). When this ash is removed from the combustion chamber, it may be considered hazardous waste via the derived-from rule or because it exhibits a characteristic. Small particles of ash (particulate matter that may also have metals attached), however, may be carried up the stack with the gases (fly ash). These particles and associated metals are also regulated by the combustion regulations, as they may carry hazardous constituents out of the unit and into the atmosphere. Since combustion will not destroy inorganic compounds present in hazardous waste, such as metals, it is possible that such... 

One other problematic ingract of the tars within gasification systems is the condensation of heavy PAHs on fly ash particles. Since most of PAHs have hazardous properties, study of the PAH capture on fly ash becomes of vital importance. 

Suspended particulates are airborne particles such as smoke, dust, fly-ash, and pollen. The degree to which they are a health hazard depends on the size and chemical characteristics of the particulate matter. Particles smaller than 10 pm in diameter pose the greatest threat to health because they penetrate deep into the lungs und cause respiratory problems. 

Asbestos wastes may be solidified prior to their landfill burial. This may be achieved by a cementing process such as that using pozzolanic concrete, which contains fly ash or kiln dust mixed with lime, water, and additives (Peters and Peters 1980). Other processes for solidification include thermoplastic and polymeric processes. In the former, a binder such as paraffin, polyethylene, or bitumen is used. In the latter, polyester, polybutadiene, or polyvinyl chloride is used to trap the asbestos fibers or particles over a spongy polymeric matrix. The solidified waste should be disposed of in a licensed hazardous waste dump or disposal site. 

Uranium existing in coal as silicate mineral coffinite and uraninite (UOj) poses a potential environmental hazard. Following combustion of coal, the refractory coffinite remains in the bottom ash and slag while the uraninite is vaporized and is later condensed on the fly-ash particles as the flue gases cool (Chadwick et aL, 1987). Comparative radiation exposure assessment studies on coal and nuclear-based electricity generation reveal that emissions from both are very low, but dose levels from coal-fired plants are equal to or slightly lower than from a nuclear power plant (UNGA, 1980 Chadwick et al., 1987). 

Gas fumes, radiation, and electric shock are very real hazards that you face on the job as an arc welder. Think about it — a welding arc is hot enough to melt steel, and the light it emits is literally blinding. It generates toxic fumes that are composed of microscopic particles of molten metal. Sparks and molten slag thrown by the arc can fly up to 35 feet and can cause fires and explosions. 

Being stmck by materials is another hazard for some tools and machines. When using a cold chisel or star drill and hammer to break a hole in concrete, particles of concrete fly from the tip of the tool with each blow. Particles fly from the cutting tool as a lathe removes material. The particles may strike the tool or machine user or someone else. Some parts of the body, such as the eyes, have a greater risk of injury than others when stmck by flying materials. 

The muzzle end of the tool must have a protective shield or guard centered perpendicularly on the barrel to confine any flying fragments or particles that might otherwise create a hazard when the tool is fired. The tool must be designed so that it will not fire unless it has this kind of safety device. 

Face shields are intended to protect the entire face or portions of it from impact hazards such as flying fragments, objects, large chips, and particles. When worn alone, face shields do not protect employees from impact hazards. 

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