Hazard elimination Report

In 1925, the National Safety Council s College Committee gave a report at the Annual Congress. The tide of the report was Accident Prevention and the Engineer. The report focused on two ways to prevent accidents education and the elimination of hazards. The report stated that the two go hand in hand and are inseparable. The authors described two approaches to eliminate hazards. One involved safeguards that are accessory devices and not integral parts of machines themselves. 

Once all the data have been evaluated and the PHA worksheet is completed, a formal report should be written documenting the results of the analysis. The narrative report typically includes a summary of all significant findings associated with operational risk. Recommendations for hazard elimination/control are also included in the report as well as suggestions for follow-on analyses. Although not entirely necessary, depending on the nature of the operation, process, or system, it is also useful to include a brief description of the project itself, its purpose and/or function as it relates to overall operations. The PHA/PHL worksheets are usually provided in the report as backup data to verify the report contents. Finally, the PHA report should also include a brief discussion of the methods used to develop the analysis (ETBA, FMEA, checklists, matrices, etc.), so that the reader can validate the report data, if required (Stephenson 1991). 

Paint Removers New Products Eliminate Qld Hazards (1991). Consumer Reports (May), 340-343. 

The reason for a previously reported explosion during reduction of iron oxide with carbon monoxide is given as the formation of pentacarbonyliron at temperatures between 0 and 150°C. Suitable heating arrangements and precautions will eliminate this hazard. 

As alluded to in the BSE illustration given earlier, genuine risk management measures can focus on systematic hazard removal based on the HACCP system or on some other alternative or more appropriate system. In some cases, this can involve the isolation of the cause of the problem. In other cases, it can involve the conservative elimination of all suspected contaminants. Concurrent with this is the importance of reporting these efforts in a proactive means and keeping consumers informed about decisions, processes, and progress. 

Reactive hazards are briefly defined and characterized below. However, neither Section 2.0 nor this report in its entirety is intended to substitute for any of the more extensive guides and references on this topic or to eliminate the need for expert analysis in dealing with reactive hazards. 

Salts of O-alkyldithiocarbonatcs ( xanthates ) are hazardous as dusts, forming explosive suspensions in air. The lower-alkyl salts are claimed to be explosive in the solid state when dry [1]. Explosions reported when drying hydrated xanthate salts are probably the consequence of release of carbon disulphide to form an inflammable atmosphere of very low autoignition temperature in the oven [2], Xanthate esters are thermally unstable by a variety of eliminations and rearrangements, all distinctly exothermic and many evolving extremely flammable gases and vapours. Free xanthic acids, which may be isolated on acidification, decompose autocatalytically and perhaps explosively [3],... 

The first option is to eliminate the generation of the reactive desulfurization slag by substituting calcium carbide with some other material. A few large foundry companies have made major advancements in new desulfurization technologies over the past years. One such process involves the use of a mixture of calcium oxide, calcium fluoride, and two other materials. One foundry reports that, not only is the product quality satisfactory, but the plant has eliminated the generation of a major problem hazardous waste, and the economics of the process are actually better than calcium carbide desulfurization. 

Considerable design effort has been invested in the improvement of incineration systems. D.A. Tillman fEbasco Environmental) and associates report that "Rotary kilns have become the incinerators of choice for eliminating hazardous wastes in accordance with the U.S. Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, Superfund, and related legislation. ... 

At a given spray concentration and application rate, solutions are more reliable. Emulsions of lindane usually work well enough, however, if applied in larger volume or at higher concentration. Elimination of the oil carrier reduces the cost and also the hazard of phytotoxic reactions where living trees are sprayed for protection. Several early studies report the excellent control afforded by lindane emulsions (4, 5,12,14, 20, 23), and reports on the excellent performance of lindane emulsions on a wide assortment of bark beetle species have recently grown (6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 17, 37, 40, 44). Massey (28) has reported on the successful use of an emulsion of DDT to protect living trees. 

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