Hard objectives

Traditional ways of competing are to offer the end-customer advantages related to product quality, the speed with which it is delivered, and/or the price at which it is offered. We refer to quality, time and cost as hard objectives because they are easy to measure and relatively obvious to the end-customer. 

The most fundamental objective - in that it is a foundation for the others - is to carry out all processes across the supply chain so that the end product does what it is supposed to do. Quality is the most visible aspect of supply chain performance. Defects, incorrect quantities and wrong items delivered are symptoms of quality problems in supply chain processes that are all too apparent to the end-customer. Such problems negatively influence that customer s loyalty. Robust 

While conformance quality in the factory may be controlled to defect levels that are below 25 parts per million (ppm), a product may end up on the retailer s shelf with between 2 and 5 per cent defects, which is 10,000 to 20,000 ppm. This huge escalation takes place as the result of cumulative problems in successive supply chain processes. Cases may be squashed when shrink-wrapped at the manirfacturer s NDC. In the back of the retail store, cases may be cut open with a sharp knife - in spite of instructions to the contrary. The end-customer sees the product on the retail shelf at its worst state of quality performance, and that is where the buying decision is made that drives the supply chain as a whole. 

Time measures how long a customer has to wait in order to receive a given product or service. Volkswagen calls this time the customer to customer lead time that is, the time it takes from the moment a customer places an order to the moment that customer receives the car he or she specified. Such lead times can vary from zero (the product is immediately available, such as goods on a supermarket shelf) to months or years (such as the constmction of a new building). Competing on time is about survival of the fastest  

Time can be used to win orders by companies who have learned that some customers do not want to wait - and are prepared to pay a premium to get what they want quickly. An example is Vision Express, which offers prescription spectacles in about one hour. Technicians machine lenses from blanks on the premises. Staff are given incentives to maintain a 95 per cent service level against the one-hour target. Vision Express has been successful in the marketplace by re-engineering the supply chain so that parts and information can flow rapidly from one process to the next. Compare this with other opticians in the high street, who must send customer orders to a central factory. Under the remote factory system, orders typically take about 10 days to process. An individual customer order is first dispatched to the factory. It then has to join a queue with orders from all the other high street branches around the country. Once the order has been processed, it must return to the branch that raised the order. While this may 

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There is space here for a brief account of only one technique, that is, hardness measurement. The idea of pressing a hard object, of steel or diamond, into a smooth surface under a known load and measuring the size of the indent, as a simple and... 

It is now well-established that for atomic fluids, far from the critical point, the atomic organisation is dictated by the repulsive forces while the longer range attractive forces serve to maintain the high density [34]. The investigation of systems of hard spheres can therefore be used as simple models for atomic systems they also serve as a basis for a thermodynamic perturbation analysis to introduce the attractive forces in a van der Waals-like approach [35]. In consequence it is to be expected that the anisotropic repulsive forces would be responsible for the structure of liquid crystal phases and numerous simulation studies of hard objects have been undertaken to explore this possibility [36]. 

Very sensitive to contact with hard objects, exploding when moist. An extremely sensitive explosive when dry, dutiable by friction, impact or heating. The impure product produced by allowing ammoniacal silver oxide solution to stand seems even more sensitive, often exploding spontaneously in suspension. 

FHE NOTCH HERE COMPLETELY -AROUND STEM GRASP BOWL OF GLASS AND STRIKE STEM AGAINST HARD OBJECT STEM WILL SNAP OFF EVENLY... 

Hard objects coming into shearing contact with one another can cause friction sparks, as in the cases of metal striking metal, metal striking stone, or stone striking stone. Friction sparks are particles of burning material, initially heated by the mechanical energy of friction and impact that have been sheared off as a result of contact. Sparks from hand tools... 

Hard objects striking one another can also produce impact sparks. Impact sparks are usually produced by impact on a quartzitic rock, such as the sand in concrete, and then small particles of the impacted material are thrown off. 

Dropping the reed switch or a reed sensor on a hard object, typically on the floor of a manufacturing facility, can induce a damaging shock to the reed switch. Shocks above 200 Gs should be avoided at all cost (see Fig. 5.18). Dropping any of the above on a hard floor from 20 cm or more (more than one foot) can and will... 

Open the hinged sample prisms. NOT touching the prisms at all, place a few drops of your liquid on the lower prism. Then, swing the upper prism back over the lower one and gently close the prisms. Never touch the prisms with any hard object or you ll scratch them. 

While still moist the bulk of the material is transferred to a test tube even in the moist condition pressing with a metal spatula or other hard object is to be avoided. Then 2 c.c. of concentrated hydrochloric acid are poured into the test tube, when the odour of free fulminic acid can be perceived. This odour so closely resembles that of hydrocyanic acid as to make confusion possible. After half an hour the contents of the test tube are heated for a short time in the boiling water bath, 4 c.c. of water are added, silver chloride is removed by filtration, and the filtrate is evaporated to dryness on... 

In Werner-Pfleiderer kneaders this distance is very small so that if a hard object (metallic part, screw, nut etc.) penetrates into a kneader, an explosion may occur due to seizing. Werner-Pfleiderer kneaders have a capacity of 50-200 kg of dynamite. 

Bullet Splash. It is the dispersion of finely divided or iRoicoci Histsi producsd by s bullet upon impact with armor plate or other hard objects... 

According to many writers, the Reverend Alexander Forsyth studied a group of chemical compounds called metallic fulminates whose existence had been known from 1800. It was also known that they exploded with a flash when struck a sharp blow with a hard object. In 1805, he applied this property of metallic fulminates to firearms ignition, thereby inventing the percussion system of ignition. 

At the time the tests were conducted, children in Northern Ireland played with devil bombers, which consisted of a solid mixture rolled up in a piece of waxed paper. When thrown with force against a hard object they exploded creating a loud bang. Visual examination of the contents revealed a mixture of woodlike material (cellulose) and sandlike material (silicate). Elemental... 

The mechanical properties of polymers can be expressed in a number of ways. Tensile modulus describes the stiffness of a material and provides information about its potential usefulness. Toughness is defined as the work required to elongate a sample to the breaking point. Polymers with high impact strength resist cracking or breaking when struck by a hard object. 

With this set-up the / ]) is analogous to a Mayer / function for a hard object and can play the same role of monitoring the description of packing effects in liquids. See Exercise 6.1, p. 125 for an example. 

This would be the interaction potential energy for the bath with a hard object that excludes the bath from any bonding region, because then fa j) = — 1 and the statistical weight would be zero. 

A rusty steel surface that has been coated with a layer of paint containing aluminum is struck by a hard object. 

Striking surfaces containing flint, rock, or grit with a hard object. 

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