Haematococcus pluviali

Oxygen evolution rate of photosynthetic microalga Haematococcus pluvialis depending on light intensity and quality... 

Effect of superficial gas velocity on growth of the green microalga Haematococcus pluvialis in airlift photobioreactor... 

This work demonstrated that an airlift system was suitable for the cultivation of Haematococcus pluvialis, one of the most effective microorganisms that could produce high potential antioxidant carotenoid, astaxanthin. Aeration was shown to be crucial for a proper growth of the alga in the airlift bioreactor, but it must be maintained at low level, and the most appropriate superficial velocity was found to be at the lower limit of the pump, i.e. 0.4 cm s". ... 

KAJIWARA S, KAKIZONO T, SAITO T, KONDO K, OHTANI T, NISHIO N, NAGAI S and MISAWA N (1995) Isolation and functional identification of a novel cDNA for astaxanthin biosynthesis from Haematococcus pluvialis, and astaxanthin synthesis in Escherichia coli . Plant Mol Biol, 29, 343-52. 

LOTAN T and HIRSCHBERG J (1995) Cloning and expression in E. coli of the gene encoding 3-C-4-oxygenase, that converts (3-carotene to the ketocarotenoid canthaxanthin in Haematococcus pluvialis , FEBS Lett, 364, 125-8. 

Fabregas, J. et al., Two-stage cultures for the production of astaxanthin from Haematococcus pluvialis, J. Biotechnol, 89, 65, 2001. 

Borowitzka, M.A., Huisman, J.M., and Osborn, A., Culture of the astaxanthin-pro-ducing green alga Haematococcus pluvialis. I. Effects of nutrients on growth and cell type, J. Appl Phycol, 3, 295, 1991. 

Kobayashi, M., Kakizono, T, and Nagai, S., Astaxanthin production by a green alga. Haematococcus pluvialis accompanied with morphological changes in acetate media, J. Perm. Bioeng., 71, 335, 1991. 

Sarada, R., Usha, T, and Ravishankar, G.A., Influence of stress on astaxanthin production in Haematococcus pluvialis grown under different culture conditions. Process Biochem., 37, 623, 2002. 

Kobayashi, M. and Sakamoto, Y., Singlet oxygen quenching ability of astaxanthin esters from the green alga Haematococcus pluvialis, Biotechnol. Lett., 21, 265, 1999. 

Choubert, G. and Heinrich, O., Carotenoid pigments of green alga Haematococcus pluvialis assay on rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss, pigmentation in comparison with synthetic astaxanthin and canthaxanthin. Aquaculture, 112, 217, 1993. 

Aquasearch Inc., Haematococcus pluvialis and astaxanthin safety for human consumption, Technical Report TR. 3005-001, 1999. 

Breithaupt DE. 2004. Identification and quantification of astaxanthin esters in shrimp (Pandalus borealis) and in a microalga (Haematococcus pluvialis) by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry using negative ion atmospheric pressure chemical ionization. J Agric Food Chem 52 3870-3875. 

M. Orosa, D. Franqueira, A. Cid and J. Abalde, Analysis and enhancement of astaxanthin accumulation in Haematococcus pluvialis. Biores. Technol. 96 (2004) 373-378. 

Tripathi et al. (2002) studied the biotransformation of phenylpropa-noid intermediates — ferulic acid, con-iferyl aldehyde and p-coumaric acid in free and immobilized cell cultures of Haematococcus pluvialis, which accumulated vanilla flavour metabolites - vanillin, vanillic acid, vanillyl alcohol, protocate-chuic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, p-hydroxybenzaldehyde and p-coumaric acid when treated with these precursors, to a range corresponding to vanilla flavour metabolites. 

For many years, Hirst was a member of the Board of Governors of the Rowett Research Institute, Aberdeen, where he took a keen interest in the work of the Institute as a whole, and particularly that of Dr. A. E. Oxford and the microbiology department. This led to collaboration on the nature of the reserve carbohydrate synthesized by Cycloposthium and by the holotrich ciliates present in sheep s rumen. Both protozoal polysaccharides were shown to be amylopectin in type. The work was continued with other protozoa, in collaboration with J. F. Ryley, and the presence of starch or amylopectin-type polysaccharides was established in Chilomonas paratnecium, Haematococcus pluvialis, and Tet-raselmis carteriiformis. 

Aflalo, C., Bing, W., Zarka, A., and Boussiba, S. (1999). The effect of the herbicide Glufosinate (BASTA) on astaxanthin accumulation in the green alga Haematococcus pluvialis. Zeitschrift fuer Naturforschung 54c, 49-54. 

Cordevo, B., Otero, A., Patino, M., Arredondo, B.O., and Fabregas, J. 1996. Astaxanthin production from the green alga Haematococcus pluvialis with different stress conditions. Biotechnol. Lett. 18, 213-218. 

Usha, T., Sarada, R., Ramachandra, Rao, S., and Ravishankar, G.A. 1999. Production of astaxanthin in Haematococcus pluvialis cultured in various media. Bioresource Technol. 68, 197-199. Vanheukelem, L., Lewitsu, J., Kata, T.M., and Craft, N.E. 1994. Improved separations of phytoplankton pigments using temperature controlled high performance liquid chromatography. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 114, 303-313. 

In a previous work, we studied the possibility of extracting antioxidants from microalgae Spirulina platensis using ASE with different solvents (33-34). Likewise, other authors have studied the carotenoids extraction from microalgae Haematococcus pluvialis and Dunaliella salina using ethanol as solvent and ASE (35). 

Breitenbach J, Misawa N, Kajiwara S and Sandmann G (1996) Expression in Escherichia coli and properties of the carotene ketolase from Haematococcus pluvialis. FEMS Microbiol Lett 140 241-246... 

Astaxanthin is a high-value carotenoid (Higuera-Ciapara et al. 2006) and has been identified in several algae (Haematococcus pluvialis and Chlorella zofingiensis)... 

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