Guinea pig sensitization

Pauluhn, J., Eidmann, P. and Mohr, U., Respiratory hypersensitivity in guinea pigs sensitized to 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) Comparison of results obtained with the monomer and homopolymers of HDI. Toxicology, 171, 147, 2002. 

Generalized skin reactions in guinea pigs sensitized to acetic anhydride have been demonstrated, and skin sensitization in humans occasionally occurs. ... 

In three cases of acute human exposure from industrial accidents, symptoms included light-headedness, drowsiness, anxiety and apprehension, and nausea slurred speech and vomiting also occurred in one case. In human patch tests, a 23% solution caused severe irritation and possible sensitization. However, guinea pig sensitization tests did not confirm a potential for sensitization. ... 

When triethanolamine was applied to the skin of rabbits for 72 hours, there was moderate hyperemia, edema, and necrosis. In a guinea pig sensitization test, there was no evidence of sensitization. In the eyes of rabbits, one drop caused moderate, transient injury at 24 hours. ... 

Pauluhn, J. Mohr, U. (1994) Assessment of respiratory hypersensitivity in guinea-pigs sensitized to diphenylmethane-4,4 -diisocyanate (MDI) and challenged with MDI, acetylcholine or MDI-albumin conjugate. Toxicology, 92, 53-74... 

Table 1 Principle features of guinea pig sensitization assays.

One study, which investigated skin and anaphylactic reactions of guinea pigs sensitized by inhalation of tetryl smoke (Gell 1944), is discussed below. No other health effects were studied in animals. 

Guinea pig sensitization tests require 6-8 weeks and, therefore, take a long time to complete. 

Litton Bionetics (1980a) Guinea Pig Sensitization Study TBME-99. Litton Bionetics, Kensington, Maryland... 

Zeller, W., M. de Gols, and B.M. Hausen. 1985. The sensitizing capacity of Gompositae plants. VI. Guinea pig sensitization experiments with ornamental plants and weeds using different methods. Arch. Dermatol. Res. 277(l) 28-35. 

Coltsfoot demonstrated a weak sensitizing capacity in a guinea pig sensitization test (Zeller et al. 1985). 

Table 9.4. Guinea pig sensitization dermal reactions—challenge with X -poly(GGAP), batch CG65PA. ...

Table 9.7. Guinea pig sensitization dermal reactions—Challenge test article X -poly(AVGVP), batches CG20WR and CG156WR. ...

In guinea pigs sensitized with DNCB, the reactions obtained on the flank with acanthosis are more typical and easier to interpret than those obtained on the flank... 

We then re-examined the histological preparations of the 70 guinea pigs sensitized to DNCB and tested in the usual manner we found no small subcorneal vesicles either on the flank or on the nipple. Hence, these small vesicles are rare in the eczema of the adult guinea pig. On the other hand, we have seen them rather frequently in new-born sensitized guinea pigs. (Fig. 15). 

Fig. 16. Guinea pig sensitized to PNDMA. Flank 14 hours after a single application of 1 % PNDMA in olive oil acanthosis, no epidermal lesions...

After 14 hours in the first group of guinea pigs we observed a distinct acanthosis, which is not observed in unsensitized animals. Thus, this is not a matter of an intrinsic acanthotic effect of the substance, but it is due to the fact that the animal is sensitized (Fig. 16) (Table 6). We have never observed such an acanthosis after a patch test in guinea pigs sensitized to DNCB. 

Fig. 18. Guinea pig sensitized to CA. Flank 1 hour after a single application of 25% CA in dioxane immersion intravascular and perivascular eosionophils...

Musso and Brun (1962) have shown that in the guinea pig sensitized with egg white , the infiltrate is composed of eosinophils. 

Guinea pigs sensitized with AC show an blood eosinophilia (p. 45). 

Macher and Sennlaub (1963) also observed on 2 guinea pigs sensitized with DNCB typical histological pictures of eczema, whereas the macroscopic examination was completely negative. 

We then wondered if there would be a histological difference between the 2 tests, since, as we have seen, the infiltrate with the CA test in guinea pigs sensitized only to CA, is largely composed of eosinophils while the infiltrate of the test with DNCB in guinea pigs sensitized only to DNCB is composed largely of small round cells (lymphocytes). 

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