Guinea brain

When methyl parathion was given orally to rats at doses of 1.5 mg/kg and to guinea pigs at 50 mg/kg, plasma, erythrocyte, and brain cholinesterase activity was maximally inhibited within 30 minutes after administration. In rodents of both species that died after acute intoxication, brain cholinesterase levels decreased to 20% of control values and often to 5-7% (Miyamoto et al. 1963b). The species difference in susceptibility to orally administered methyl parathion is noted in Section 3.2.2.1. 

Ki of 9 nM in guinea-pig brain membranes [79]. The compound was also reported to have an ED50 of 2.2 mg/kg in a CNS hypertension model. 

In addition to the imidazole-based compounds detailed earlier, more recently the Schering-Plough group reported on several new series of H3 antagonists including oximes (47) [121], benzimidazoles (48) [122], benzimidazolones (49) [123], and indoles (50) [124]. All of the compounds shown have K] of less than 10 nM in guinea-pig brain. 

Su, T.P. Evidence for sigma opioid receptor Binding of 3H-SKF-10,047 to etorphine-inaccessible sites in guinea-pig brain. J. Pharmacol Fxp Ther 223 284-290, 1982. 

Tam, S.W., and Cook, L. Sigma opiates and certain antipsychotic drugs mutually inhibit (+)3H-SKF-10,047 and 3H-haloperidol binding in guinea-pig brain membranes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 81 5618-5621, 1984. 

Delta receptors are relatively selective for two related penta-peptides, methionine enkephalin and leucine enkephalin (met- and leu-enkephalin), which were isolated from porcine brain (Hughes 1975). Both met- and leu-enkephalin inhibit electrically induced contractions of guinea pig ileum, an effect that mimics those effects seen with opioid drugs, and is naloxone reversible. The enkephalins are processed posttranslational ly from proenkephalin, and secreted from central and peripheral neurons and endocrine cells in the adrenal medulla. 

Haider SS, Hasan M. 1984. Neurochemical changes by inhalation of environmental pollutants sulfur dioxide and hydrogen sulfide Degradation of total lipids, elevation of lipid peroxidation and enzyme activity in discrete regions of the guinea pig brain and spinal cord. Ind Health 22 23-31. 

Haider SS, Hasan M, Islam F. 1980. Effect of air pollutant hydrogen sulfide on the levels of total lipids, phospholipids cholesterol in different regions of the guinea pig brain. Indian J Exp Biol 18 418-420. 

Sierra EM, Rowles TK, Martin J, et al. 1989. Low level lead neurotoxicitv in a pregnant guinea pigs model Neuroglial enzyme activities and brain trace metal concentrations. Toxicology 59 81-96. 

Fort, R, Khateb, A., Pegna, A., Muhlethaler, M. 8r Jones, B. E. (1995). Noradrenergic modulation of cholinergic nucleus basalis neurons demonstrated by in vitro pharmacological and immunohistochemical evidence in the guinea-pig brain. Eur. J. Neurosci. 7, 1502-11. 

Timm, J., Marr, I., Werthwein, S. et al. (1998). H2 receptor-mediated facilitation and H3 receptor-mediated inhibition of noradrenaline release in the guinea-pig brain. Naunyn Schtniedebergs Arch. Pharmacol 357, 232-9. 

Vizuete, M. L Traiffort, E., Bouthenet, M. L. et at (1997). Detailed mapping of the histamine H2 receptor and its gene transcripts in guinea-pig brain. Neuroscience 80, 321-43. 

Initially, it was proposed that the 5-HTjb receptor is located exclusively in the brain of the rat and some other rodents, whereas the 5-HTid receptor, a close species homolog, is specific to the guinea pig and higher mammalian species, including humans (Waeber et al., 1989). However, recent studies have characterized the 5-HTiB receptor also in the human brain (Bidmon et al., 2001 Varnas et al., 2005). The 5-HT, B receptor is linked to the inhibition of adenylate cyclase, and is located at presynaptic (5-HT axon terminals) and postsynaptic... 

Rothman R., Bykov V., Coasta R.D., Jacobsen A., Rice K., Brady L. Evidence for four opioid kappa binding sites in guinea pig brain. Presented at International Narcotics Research Conference (INRC) 89. 9, 1990. 

Itzhak Y. Differential regulation of brain opioid receptors following repeated cocaine administration to guinea pigs. Drug Alcohol Depend. 3 53, 1993. 

Ni Q., Xu H., Partilla J. et al. Opioid peptide receptor studies. Interaction of opioid peptides and other drugs with four subtypes of the K2 receptor in guinea pig brain. Peptides. 16 1083, 1995. 

Drake C, Patterson T, Simmons M, Chavkin C, Milner T. Kappa opioid receptor-like immunoreactivity in guinea pig brain ultrastructural localization in presynaptic terminals in hippocampal formation. J Comp Neurol 1996 370 377-395. 

Kan RK, Pleva CM, Hamilton TA, et al. Immunolocalization of MAP-2 in routinely formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded guinea pig brain sections using micro-wave irradiation a comparison of different combinations of antibody clones and antigen retrieval buffer solutions. Micros. Microanal. 2005 11 175-180. 

Determinations of NO in a variety of biological systems have been made. For example, measurement of NO has been made in eyes [79-81], gastrointestinal tract [82, 83], brain tissue [47, 50, 84-87], kidney and kidney tubule fluid [88-93], rat and guinea pig isolated and intact hearts [94, 95], rat spinal cord [96], human monocyte cells [97], human endothelial cells [98], mitochondria [99, 100], rat penis corpus cavemo-sum [101], granulocytes [102], invertebrate ganglia and immunocytes [103], choroidal endothelial cells [104], cancer cells [105, 106], peripheral blood [107], human blood [108], human leukocytes [109], platelets [110-112], ears [113, 114], plants [115-118], and pteropod mollusk [119]. 

Distribution in guinea pig (HI and H2) and rodent (H3, H4) brain. For the H1 receptor, distribution is very different across species. Contradictory findings have been reported. 

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