Measurement of growth

The P/O quotient obtained in this way is therefore only an approximation. Nevertheless, the values can be used as a comparitive measure of growth efficiency,... 

They also express thanks to Prof. S. Suzuki, Prof. M. Suzuki, Prof. T. Matsumoto of Tohoku College of Pharmacy for the measurement of growth-inhibitory effects against MH134Y hepatoma and Meth-A fibrosarcoma in mice sc/iv. 

The older methods for vitamin Bi2 used the optical density of the culture medium as a measure of growth rate of the assay organism [470,471]. The sensitivity of the method could be increased somewhat by the following 14C uptake as a measure of growth [472,473]. These methods are sensitive to 0.1 ng, well below the amounts of the vitamin which could be measured by any available chemical technique. 

Reports on microbiological assays usually dwell upon apparatus, general technique, measurement of growth, choice of assay organism, etc., but since there are many reviews of these subjects (B26, G3, G4, H19), they need not be discussed here. We shall deal here with the development and use of microbiological assays for clinical purposes. 

The classic expression for measurement of growth rate is the Monod Equation. 

Although many of the measurements of growth, like the ones I have already cited, might present a portrait of a company that has enjoyed a seamless path of expansion, the actual experience from innovative start-up to global brand has been less direct. I recognize four phases in our quarter-century history early start-up, explosive growth, slow growth, and transition transformation. 

Longer term assessments of cell toxicity are highly dependent on the relevant toxic end point. They may include measurement of growth competence, apoptosis, and/or necrosis, incorporation of radioactive precursors into essential cellular constituents such as RNA, DNA, and protein and specialized cellular functions. Some examples of the use of cultured cell lines in the study of toxicity effects are shown in Table 2.1. 

Measurements of growth (which often correlate with reproductive potential) or of production of eggs and gonads have often been used to quantify how diet affects fitness.110 129 135 276 Because... 

Fig. 6. Schematic of the apparatus for the measurement of growth kinetics in constant composition solution conditions. Both the C02 concentration and electrical conductivity are kept constant by the addition of a gas mixture and titrant solution.

It should be noted here that the measurements of growth orientation is influenced by the bending of the Si surface due to diamond growth [81], and thus a proper correction is needed to obtain the true values. 

Patterson MK (1979) Measurement of growth and viability of cells in culture. In Jakoby WB Paston IH (eds) Cell Culture, vol. 11, pp. 141-151. Academic Press, New York. 

Rapid and accurate assessment of viable cell number is an important requirement in many experimental situations involving animal cell culture, e.g. measurement of growth factor activity, serum batch testing and toxicity assays. 

Most experiments requiring assessment of growth or toxicity involve comparison of experimental treated cultures with control untreated cultures. If such comparisons are to give an accurate measurement of growth stimulation or inhibition, then control and experimental wells should still be in exponential growth phase at the time of assay endpoint determination. Also, the cell number in all wells should be in the linear position of the graph of optical density versus cell number per well. To ensure that these conditions apply, each assay method should be characterized for ... 

Popii V, Baumann G. Laboratory measurement of growth hormone. Clin Chim Acta 2004 350 1-16... 

Size-dependent growth and growth rate dispersion do affect the ultimate size distribution in industrial crystallizers. To a large extent, measurement of growth rates with large numbers of crystals in suspension adequately compensates for individual variations within the crystal population. 

MEASUREMENT OF GROWTH RATES HOMOGENEOUS GAS-PHASE REACTIONS... 

Measurement of Growth Rates Homogeneous Gas-Phase Reactions 290... 

Warhurst, D. C. and Folwell, R. O. (1968) Measurement of growth rate of the erythrocytes stages of the Plasmodium berghei and comparisons of the potency of inocula after various treatments. Ann. Prop. Med. Parasitol. 62, 349-360. 

The ability of plants to obtain phosphorus from organic sources has been investigated either by direct measurement of growth and phosphorus nutrition when provided with organic phosphorus substrates supplied in controlled media or soil, or by measuring the depletion of various fractions of organic phosphorus in rhizosphere soil. 

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