Growth inhibitor activity

One of the metabolites of the trichothecene family of mycotoxins, termed "neosolanoil" (246) was isolated from Florunner peanuts and identified as 3a-hydroxy-4B, 8a-15-triacetoxy-12,13-epoxy trichothec-9-ene. This toxin was shown to be a potent plant growth inhibitor active to 10 % in the wheat coleoptile bioassay. 

Such a system is an entirely soluble and overwhelmingly mineral. It contains very little organic matter or nonbiodegradable elements. The two best arystal growth inhibitors, active at very low doses, are the following ... 

Cell Division Inhibitors. The most common mode of action of soil-appHed herbicides is growth inhibition, primarily through dkect or indkect interference with cell division (163). Such growth inhibitory activity is the basis for most pre- or post-emergent herbicides intended to control germinating weed seeds. In germinating seeds, cell division occurs in the meristems of the root and the shoot. Meristematic cells go through a cycle... 

Five isobutylamides were isolated as insect growth inhibitors and toxicants from Fagara macrophylla and identified from their spectroscopic and chemical data. Synthesis and bioassay of the five natural products plus four analogs showed pellitorine to be the most active against a variety of insects, but not against a species of snail. 

Eccles SA, Massey A, Raynaud El et al (2008) NVP-AUY922 a novel heat shock protein 90 inhibitor active against xenograft tumor growth, angiogenesis, and metastasis. Cancer Res 68 2850-2860... 

Although the bioassay of racemic parasorbic acid showed good activity (wheat seed root growth was 50% inhibited with 0.25 mg/mL), the conclusion that little of the growth-retardant activity in cranberry leaves can be accounted for by parasorbic acid was confirmed by examination of Devlin s extract. In this case neither parasorbic acid nor its glucoside was present. Subsequent work by Hussain (12) has resulted in the isolation of two plant growth inhibitors identified as cinnamyl alcohol and 3-pheny1-1-propanol (hydrocinnamyl alcohol). 

Since ellagic acid is probably not encountered free in large amounts in fresh plant tissues, but rather as one or more bound forms, we isolated and bioassayed geraniin. On a mmol/kg diet basis, geraniin was almost twice as active as a growth inhibitor of... 

Although the biological activity of brevifolin as an insect growth inhibitor is unknown, gallic acid exhibited some growth-inhibitory activity against virescens larvae (EC50 = 7.40 mmol/kg diet)... 

Diterpenoids have a wide range of biological activities. Their role in plant-insect interactions, both as antifeedants and growth inhibitors, is reviewed. Four ent-kauranes, kaur-16-en-19-oic acid, (-)-kauran-l > -ol, 15 t-hydroxy-(-)-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid, and 17-hydroxy-(-)-kaur-15-en-19-oic acid, have recently been isolated from the leaves of Solidago nemoralis.These compounds were found to have antifeedant activity against Trirhabda canadensis. 

There are many natural and biological macromolecules that possess anticancer activity. Cytokines, topoisomerase inhibitors, monoclonal antibodies, thymic hormones, cell growth inhibitors, and enzymes have been used [68], They have been recently reviewed [59,69] and their detailed description is beyond the scope of this article. The main problems connected with the administration of such natural macromolecules is their short intravascular half-life, immunogenicity, and sometimes poor solubility. Their modification with synthetic macromolecules can dramatically increase their therapeutic potential as described below. 

Tenuazonic acid has a broad toxicity spectrum and is regarded as a mycotoxin [28]. It was first detected as a growth inhibitor of tumour cells (human adenocarcinoma), and was later shown to have weak antibacterial and, at high dose levels (100-500 p,g/ml), antiviral activity towards poliovirus MEF-1, enterovirus (ECHO-9), respiratory viruses (parainfluenza-3), vaccinia and Herpes simplex (HF). It has been shown to be an inhibitor of peptide bond formation in preventing substrate binding to acceptor site of peptidyltransferase in human ribosomes [29]. 

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