Urine growth hormone

Space travel is associated with a decrease in blood and plasma volumes and is further associated with increases in plasma antidiuretic hormone, atrial natriuretic peptide, growth hormone, cortisol, and corticotropin concentrations. In contrast, the plasma renin activity may be decreased by as much as 50%. Plasma aldosterone may also decrease but to a lesser extent. In spite of the stress of space travel the plasma concentrations of catecholamines are usually unaffected. Plasma and urine calcium concentrations increase during... 

Evans A, Wood P. Development of an assay for human growth hormone in urine using commercially available reagents. Ann Clin Biochem 1989 26 ... 

A remarkable advance in plant physiology occurred when Kogl and coworkers (496) isolated a plant growth hormone, called heteroauxin, from human urine. This was identified as indole-3-acetic acid and was shown (497, 498) also to occur in plants, and in yeast from which it was isolated. 

K37. Kowalewski, K., Effect of growth hormone and of an anabolic steroid on excretion of hydroxyproline in the urine of rats. Acta Endocrinol. 60, 321-328 (1965). 

J Girard, et al. Human growth hormone in urine—Development of an ultrasensitive radioimmunometric assay and its application. J Endocrinol 112 240, 1987. 

Kerr DE, Liang E, Bondioli KR, et al. The bladder as a bioreactor urothelium production and secretion of growth hormone into urine. Nat Biotechnol. 1998 16(1) 75-79. 

Other hormonal influences have been studied, especially on blood or urine citrate they include corticosteroids (Hll, H16), insulin, (N5), growth hormone (H17), and parathormone (E4, L14, L20). 

F8. Fraser, R., and Harrison, M., The effect of growth hormone on urine calcium excretion. Ciba Foundation CoUoq. Endocrinol. 18, 135-143 (1960). 

A common pitfall is to find a high Arg level in a urine sample taken after a patient has been given an Arg load for growth hormone stimulation. This problem is likely to be seen only in the interpretation of urinary ammo acid patterns. 

Plant growth hormone Isolated from various grain oils and from urine Cryst. from EtOH-Ugroin M.p. 183° [a] — 2-8°. 

The normal range of serum phosphate is 2.5. 5 mg/dL (0.81-1.45 mmol/ L). Phosphate levels in infants and children normally are 30 percent (children) to 50 percent (infants) higher than the normal range for adults. This is mainly due to growth hormone activity in infants and children. Phosphate values must be interpreted cautiously because blood levels may be temporarily affected by intracellular shifts of minerals. A 24-hour urine collection also may be performed to ascertain whether or not there is a problem with excretion of phosphorous by the kidneys. In either case, phosphorous laboratory test usually are performed in conjunction with other laboratory tests, including 4... 

Effect on Amino Acids and Protein Synthesis. The administration of growth hormone induces a positive nitrogen balance, which means that less nitrogen is excreted in the urine and the concentration of amino acid nitrogen in the blood is reduced. 

There is no satisfactory explanation for the reduced levels of phosphorus, potassium, and sodium found in urine of individuals injected with growth hormone. The hormone is believed to stimulate glomerular filtration at the same time that it increases tubular reabsorption. Although the reasons for increased reabsorption of potassium and sodium are obscure, it is possible to speculate on the reasons for phosphorus reabsorption. Increased tubular reabsorption of phosphorus is not accompanied by increased levels of phosphorus in the blood, and therefore phosphorus could be concentrated in the tissue where it stimulates growth. 

One common indirect source of xenobiotics into the environment is the passing of antibiotics, anaesthetics and growth hormones by farm animals in urine and manure. This is often stored in large pits before being pumped and applied to fields as fertilizers, where many of the chemicals can be washed away by rainfall into lakes and rivers. This pollution is then widely spread, and dealing with it may require the cooperation of scientists in different countries that share a common water system. Other common environmental xenobiotics include pesticides and fungicides (from farming), and a variety of other chemicals mainly from the chemical industry. 

Agriculture in Beltsville, Maryland, have developed transgenic mice that produce human growth hormone in the walls of their bladders. For obvious reasons, mice are not ideal for large-scale production of chemicals, but Wall s experiments nevertheless show that the concept works. At present, it is too early to know whether urine farming will prove feasible. Yields from the bladder are about 10,000 times lower than those from the mammary glands. In addition, collecting urine from farm animals could prove to be a very tricky business. 

Endocrine effects One of the most well-known effects of drinking alcohol is increased urine production. This diuresis is due to the inhibitory action of alcohol on the release of antidiiuetic hormone from the pituitary gland. This diminishes the stimulatory effect of the hormone on water resorption within the kidney, and thus diuresis results. The levels of many other hormones, including oestrogen, insulin and growth hormone, are also altered hy alcohol use. 

Momomura,S.,Hashimoto,Y.,Shimazaki,Y.,and Irie,M. (2000) Detection of exogenous growth hormone (GH) administration by monitoring ratio of 20kDa- and 22kDa-GH in serum and urine. Endocrine Journal, 47, 97-101. 

Saugy, M., Cardis, C, Schweizer, C., et al (1996) Detection of human growth hormone doping in urine Out of competition tests are necessary. Journal of Chromatography B, 687,201-211. 

The hormones of the pituitary gland participate in the control of reproductive function, body growth, and cellular metabolism deficiency or overproduction of these hormones disrupts this control. Clinical use of protein hormones in the past was limited because preparations had to come from glands or urine. The ability to prepare at least some of these hormones in large quantities by recombinant DNA techniques and the development of more stable analogues that can be injected in a depot form permit increased and more effective use of these hormones. 

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