Positive nitrogen balance

Specific nitrogen goals are positive nitrogen balance or nitrogen equilibrium and improvement in serum concentration of protein markers (e.g., transferrin or prealbumin). 

The 10 amino adds listed in Table 1-8-1 cannot be synthesized in humans and therefore must be provided from dietary sources. These are called the essential amino adds. Arginine is required only during periods of growth, or positive nitrogen balance. 

Essential only during periods of positive nitrogen balance. 

Positive nitrogen balance occurs when the amount of nitrogen incorporated exceeds the amount excreted and is associated with ... 

The inability of mammals to synthesize all of the amino acids they require has led to the classification of amino acids as essential and nonessential. Conceptually this distinction seems clear. Practically speaking, it turns out to be more complex to designate essential amino acids. An essential amino acid, in this classification, means one that must be supplied in the diet if the organism is to maintain a positive nitrogen balance. As we will see, the absence of a de novo pathway for the biosynthesis of an amino acid does... 

Muscle Most Pubertal Positive nitrogen balance and growth... 

The indication for administering BCAA in patients with hepatic encephalopathy to compensate amino-acid imbalance was proposed by J.E. Fischer et al. in 1974, and implemented parenterally. However, oral application of BCAA for an adequate treatment period also has beneficial effects on cirrhosis and HE (7.) improvement in protein tolerance and the nutritional condition, (2.) improvement in cerebral functions (II8, 122), probably due to an amelioration of liver function, (2.) stimulation of ammonia detoxification with a positive nitrogen balance (118), (4.) reduction in or normalization of AAA levels, and (5.) promotion of glutamine synthesis with a favourable effect on the cells of the immune system and on renal function. By means of BCAA, it was possible to prolong the survival time and delay the occurrence of liver failure in rats with CC -induced cirrhosis. (123, 126) However, there are diverging results, which need further clarification. In principle, the use of BCAA is considered to be a necessary form of supplementary treatment for catabolic metabolism in cirrhosis (124,125, 127, 128, 130-132), in (also latent) HE and after curative resection of hepatocellular carcinoma. (I2l) (s. p. 280)... 

Positive Nitrogen Balance when dietary intake of proteins is greater than the requirement for endogenous protein synthesis. 

The influence of cysteine on the methionine requirement is demonstrated by the following study. The subject was a student who was awarded a Ph.U. after conducting the study on himself. The subject consumed diets that were complete except that the concentration of methionine was varied (Table 8.12), The dietary amino acids were supplied in the form of pure amino acids, rather than as protein, to allow full control over the levels of amino adds supplied by the diet. Cysteine was supplied as cy.stine. Cystine is a dimer of cysteine, in which the two cysteine residues are connected via a disulfide bond (R——R). Cystine is readily converted to cysteine in the body. The methionine requirement was assessed by determining the conditions that supported a zero or slightly positive nitrogen balance. 

Positive nitrogen balance occurs when synthesis of body protein exceeds degradation. Less nitrogen is excreted than ingested. It occurs during growth. 

Patients at risk for nutritional deficit are given nutritional support therapy to replace nutrients. Nutritional support therapy provides nutrients before there is a negative nitrogen balance to assure there is a positive nitrogen balance, enabling the patient to fight infectious diseases. 

When an individual becomes active after a period of bed rest, more than 3 weeks are required before calcium excretion reverts to normal, and another 3 weeks before positive calcium balance is achieved. Several weeks are required before positive nitrogen balance is restored. 

---