Growth Hormone GH Somatotropin

Growth hormone (GH, somatotropin) Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) (+) Somatostatin (-) Liver, muscle, bone, kidney, and others Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1)... 

The abundant IGF-I (somatomedin C), a 70-residue single-chain basic peptide with a sequence and three-dimensional structure homologous to that of proinsu-lin,206.207 jg considered a major mediator of the action of fhe pifuitary growth hormone (GH, somatotropin). Studies in cell culture suggest that GH may induce differentiation of cells, and that IGF-I may then cause a rapid proliferation of the newly differentiated cells. The homologous 67-residue IGF-II may have a similar function in fetal development. TTie cell surface receptor for IGF-I is similar to the insulin receptor, but IGF-II receptor is structurally different. It is a monomeric 250-kDa protein and although it is a substrate for a fyrosine kinase, it has no kinase activity of its... 

Preprosomatostatin, a 116-amino acid peptide, is encoded on the long arm of chromosome 3. Somatostatin (SS-14), a cyclic peptide with a molecular weight of 1,600, is produced from the 14 amino acids at the C-terminus of this precursor molecule. SS-14 was first isolated from the hypothalamus and named for its ability to inhibit the release of growth hormone (GH, somatotropin) from the anterior pituitary. It also inhibits the release of insulin. In addition to the hypothalamus, somatostatin is also secreted from the D cells (8 cells) of the pancreatic islets, many areas of the central nervous system outside of the hypothalamus, and in gastric and duodenal mucosal cells. SS-14 predominates in the central nervous system (CNS) and is the sole form secreted by the 8 cells of the pancreas. In the gut, however, prosomatostatin (SS-28), which has 14 additional amino acids extending from the C-terminal portion of the precursor, makes up 70 to 75% of the immunoreactivity (the amount of hormone that reacts with antibodies to SS-14). The prohormone SS-28 is 7 to 10 times more potent in inhibiting the release of GH and insulin than is SS-14. 

Growth hormone (GH), somatotropin, somatotropic hormone, STH, a single-chain proteohormone (Mr 21.5 kDa) produced by somatotrophs of the adenohypophysis. GH is an anabolic hormone that regulates the metabolism of proteins, sugars, fats... 

In another forensic science application, electrospray LC-MS was used to determine elevated levels of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) in serum as an indication of growth hormone (GH, somatotropin) abuse in racehorses. Structural identity of IGF-1 was confirmed by LC-MS and LC-MS/MS characterization of the endoproteinase Asp-N digestion product. 

Somatotropin or growth hormone (GH) Human cadaver pituitaries Treatment of severe GH deficiency in children... 

For protein hormones where there was less sequence homology with the equivalent bovine or porcine protein, supplies for clinical use were derived directly from human tissues. Somatotropin or growth hormone (GH) was purihed from cadaver pituitaries. The limitations on GH use were due to its scarcity, which is well described in a review by Frasier [1]. Other peptide hormones purihed from human sources... 

Somatotropin (growth hormone, GH) Prolactin (mammotropin) -200 -200 All tissues ... 

Somatotropin (STH) (Growth hormone, GH somatotrophic hormone hypophyseal growth hormone) Structure Known and synthesized coiled, unbranched Promotes general growth of organism Promotes skeletal growth, protein anabolism, fat metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, water, and salt meiabolism Relates with all vitamins in connection with growth actions... 

Somatotropin (growth hormone GH) is a pituitary somatotrophic linear peptide hormone of 191 residues. The name somatotropin is used for human growth hormone (HGH), which was isolated from the pituitary glands of cadavers. This when used to treat short stature (dwarfism) brought with it the risk of acquiring Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease through contamination. It is now replaced in many countries by somatropin, which is a biosynthetic form of human growth hormone without this liability. 

The hypothalamus and the pituitary gland act together to control much of the endocrine system. Included is regulation of the growth hormone GH, also called somatotropin. 

Growth hormone (somatotropin GH) is a protein hormone produced in specific cells (somatotrophs) of the pituitary gland. It comprises a single polypeptide chain of about 190 amino acids which folds, with formation of two disulphide bridges, to a compact tertiary structure (see also Addendum, p. 289). Amino acid sequences have been determined for GHs from several species [1,2] and these reveal a considerable amount of species variation in particular, human GH shows extensive differences from the GHs of non-primate mammals, and this has been interpreted as indicating a rapid rate of evolution for the GH gene in the primates [3,4], Differences in biological properties between human and non-primate GHs have also been observed, and will be considered later. 

These JAK/STAT-coupled receptors concern the effects of cytokines the growth hormone somatotropin (GH), erythropoietin (EPO), prolactin (PRL), granulocyte-colony-stimulating-factor (G-CSF), granulocyte and macrophage-colony-stimulating-factor (GM-CSF), leptin, thrombopoi-etin, interferons a, 3 and % and interleukins 2, 3,4, 5, 6, 7, 9,10 and 15. 

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