Pituitary somatotrophs

Somatotropin (growth hormone GH) is a pituitary somatotrophic linear peptide hormone of 191 residues. The name somatotropin is used for human growth hormone (HGH), which was isolated from the pituitary glands of cadavers. This when used to treat short stature (dwarfism) brought with it the risk of acquiring Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease through contamination. It is now replaced in many countries by somatropin, which is a biosynthetic form of human growth hormone without this liability. 

Growth Hormone (GH) Anterior Pituitary (Somatotroph) 191aa(22kDa) 17q22-q24 Stimulates protein synthesis in many tissues exerts protein-sparing effects stimulates production of IGFs. Primarily stimulated by GHRH and inhibited by somatostatin. 

Several important features of thyroid hormone action have been obtained by using pituitary cell lines (GH3, GH , GC) derived from the somatotrophs, i.e., the cells which synthesize and secrete growth hormone [43,46], When cultured in thyroid hormone depleted media such cells are responsive to thyroid hormone. Tsai and Samuels [47] first demonstrated that GH cells synthesize 3-10-times more GH when cultured in the presence of physiological concentration of T3 (0.1-1 nM). A detectable increase in GH synthesis occurs 45-60 min after significant binding to nuclear sites. Such an increase is paralleled by changes in total cytoplasmic GH mRNA... 

Growth hormone (somatotropin GH) is a protein hormone produced in specific cells (somatotrophs) of the pituitary gland. It comprises a single polypeptide chain of about 190 amino acids which folds, with formation of two disulphide bridges, to a compact tertiary structure (see also Addendum, p. 289). Amino acid sequences have been determined for GHs from several species [1,2] and these reveal a considerable amount of species variation in particular, human GH shows extensive differences from the GHs of non-primate mammals, and this has been interpreted as indicating a rapid rate of evolution for the GH gene in the primates [3,4], Differences in biological properties between human and non-primate GHs have also been observed, and will be considered later. 

Ghrelin A 28-amino acid peptide that is octanoylated on serine-3. Ghrelin is synthesized and secreted by endocrine cells in the stomach and will bind to somatotrophic cells in the anterior pituitary to promote the release of growth hormone (somatotropin). 

Somatotropin Growth hormone a 191-amino acid polypeptide hormone that is synthesized and secreted from the somatotroph cells of the anterior pituitary. It acts primarily on hepatocytes, although muscle and adipose cells also have receptors for growth hormone. 

Growth hormone (somatotropin) is a polypeptide synthesized and secreted by somatotrophs in the anterior pituitary. Growth hormone synthesis and secretion is stimulated by the hypothalamic peptide growth hormone-... 

Growth hormone (somatotropin) is a polypeptide synthesized and secreted by somatotrophs in the anterior pituitary. 

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