Growth abnormalities

Mn2+ active transport system in Staphylococcus aureus. These metal-microbe interactions result in decrease microbial growth, abnormal morphological changes, and inhibition of biochemical processes in individual (Akmal et al. 2005a,b). The toxic effects of metals can be seen on a community level as well. In response to metal toxicity, overall community numbers and diversity decrease. Soil is a living system where all biochemical activities proceed through enzymatic processes. Heavy metals have also adverse effects on enzyme activities (Fig. 1). 

Ferry DR, Smith A, Malkhandi J, F e DW, deTakats PG, Anderson D, Baker J, Kerr DJ (1996) Phase 1 clinical trial of the flavonoid quercetin pharmacokinetics and evidence for in vivo tyrosine kinase inhibition. Clin Cancer Res 2 659-668 Findik D, Song Q, Hidaka H, Lavin M (1995) Protein kinase A inhibitors enhance radiation-induced apoptosis. J Cell Biochem 57 12-21 Fine RL, Patel J, Chabner BA (1988) Phorbol esters induce multidrug resistance in human breast cancer cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 85 582-586 Finkenzeller G, Marme D, Hug H (1992) Inducible overexpression of human protein kinase C in NIH 3T3 fibroblasts results in growth abnormalities. Cell Signall 4 163-177... 

In animals, manganese deficiency results in wide-ranging disorders, e.g,. impaired growth, abnormal skeletal structure, disturbances of reproduction, and defective lipid and carbohydrate metabolism. Although overt manganese deficiency has nol been induced in humans, some forms of epilepsy... 

A group of compounds that cause growth abnormalities was isolated from Aspergillus niger and termed "malformins."... 

Guo YL, Lambert GH, Hsu CC (1995) Growth abnormalities in the population exposed in utero and early postnatally to polychlorinated biphenyls and dibenzofurans. Environ Health Perspect, 103(Suppl 6) 117-122. 

Brown skin pigments, retarded growth, abnormal teeth (in newborn babies) ... 

Rotenone s insecticidal property is broad spectrum, so beneficial insects are killed on contact along with the pests. It is moderately toxic to people and most animals and very toxic to swine, birds, and fish. Some people are highly allergic to rotenone on food crops and suffer from violent reaetions even after a week-long post-spray period, sometimes even after the food has been cooked. New evidenee suggests that rotenone may cause growth abnormalities in laboratory animals. 

Due to the intense therapy received by children with AML, they are at risk for a variety of long-term sequelae. A recent study reported that more than 50% of survivors have growth abnormalities. Other findings include neurocognitive deficits, transfusion-associated hepatitis, endocrine disorders, cataracts, and cardiomyopathy (median cumulative anthracychne dose 335 mg/m ). The 20-year cumulative risk for a second mahgnancy is estimated to be 1.8%. 

Most HIV-positive children will experience nutritional deficits and growth abnormalities. Infants with perinatal-acquired AIDS have normal birthweights, but show signs of growth delay as early as 4 months. Failure to thrive has been reported in up to 33% of HIV-infected children. Impaired linear growth also appears to correlate with periods of rapid viral replication and lower CD4 T-lymphocyte counts during the first 18 months of life. There is a... 

Courchesne E, Redcay E, Morgan JT, Kennedy DP (2005) Autism at the beginning microstructural and growth abnormalities underlying the cognitive and behavioral phenotype of autism. Dev Psychopathol 17 577-597. 

Finally, conventional pesticides under certain conditions may induce growth abnormalities which preclude survival of the insects concerned. This can be manifest during pupation and eclosion of adults. It appears to result from sublethal exposure to certain pesticides such as the cyclodienes, where the products of metabolism are toxic and must be excreted to complete the detoxification process. If excretion of the metabolites has not occurred before the pre-pupal stage is reached, they remain in the insect and interfere with morphogenesis. 

During the postoperative follow-up period, no clinically significant growth abnormalities were observed with either the partial transphyseal techniques or the physeal-sparing techniques. One out of the 10 patients and 2 out of the 15 patients... 

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