Group 12 analytical chemistry

The German "Commission for the Investigation of Health Hazards of Chemical Compounds in the Work Area, Working Group Analytical Chemistry" has developed a continuous nebulization FAAS method for copper in serum based on a 1 -r- 1 dilution (dilution depends on the applied burner system) with a determination limit of 0.1 mg/L At a mean copper concentration of 1.24 mg/L the within batch precision was 2.4% and the day-to-day precision 3.2% (Winter and Schaller, 1985). Accuracy was checked against certified reference materials. The method was applied on fortified samples from a serum pool of healthy persons and compared by a GF/ AS method developed and tested at the same time (Angerer et al., 1985). The FAAS method is still in successful routine use in a number of German laboratories because of its reliability, simplicity and speed (Schaller, 1993). 

This procedure was originally developed by Lehnert et al. (1969) and has been adopted as an officially recommended analytical method for PbB determination in blood and urine by the working group "Analytical Chemistry" of the "Commission for the Investigation of Health Hazards of Chemical Compounds in the Work Area" of the Deutsche Forschungsgemenschaft in 1974 (Angerer and Schaller, 1985 Henschler). The method can be described as follows ... 

Terabe, S., Yashima, T., Tanaka, N., and Araki, M., Separation of oxygen isotopic benzoic acids by capillary zone electrophoresis based on isotope effects on the dissociation of the carboxyl group. Analytical Chemistry 1988, 60, 1673-1677. 

The changes, however, are both numerous and significant. First of all, there is a change in the organization of the subject matter. For example, material formerly contained in the section entitled Analytical Chemistry is now grouped by operational categories spectroscopy electrolytes, electromotive force, and chemical equilibrium and practical laboratory information. Polymers, rubbers, fats, oils, and waxes constitute a large independent section. 

The terminal groups of a polymer chain are different in some way from the repeat units that characterize the rest of the molecule. If some technique of analytical chemistry can be applied to determine the number of these end groups in a polymer sample, then the average molecular weight of the polymer is readily evaluated. In essence, the concept is no different than the equivalent procedure applied to low molecular weight compounds. The latter is often included as an experiment in general chemistry laboratory classes. The following steps outline the experimental and computational essence of this procedure ... 

Both arsonic and arsinic acids give precipitates with many metal ions, a property which has found considerable use in analytical chemistry. Of particular importance are certain a2o dyes (qv) containing both arsonic and sulfonic acid groups which give specific color reactions with a wide variety of transition, lanthanide, and actinide metal ions. One of the best known of these dyes is... 

Applications. Transesterifications via alcoholysis play a significant role in industry as well as in laboratory and in analytical chemistry. The reaction can be used to reduce the boiling point of esters by exchanging a long-chain alcohol group with a short one, eg, methanol, in the analysis of fats, oils, and waxes. For more details see References 7 and 68. A few examples are given below. 

Vincent Conrad, Ph.D., Group Leader, Technical Services Development Laboratory, CONSOL, Inc. Member, Spectroscopy Society of Pittsburgh, Society for Analytical Chemistry of Pittsburgh, Society for Applied Spectroscopy (Section 27, Energy Resources, Conversion, and Utilization)... 

In general, the analysis of essential oils merely involves the application of the ordinary principles of analytical chemistry to this special group of bodies, which possess many features in common. Of course, many special processes have to be used in certain cases, to which attention will be drawn where necessary. The present chapter will be devoted to the details of a few methods which are in very common use in the analysis of these bodies, and which are absolutely necessary in order to form an opinion on the purity of very many oils. Particular processes are mentioned as required under the essential oils or compounds concerned. These remarks may be prefaced by saying that the obtaining of the results of an analysis of an essential oil is not always as difficult a matter as the interpretation of the same when obtained. 

C.F. Callis, Tarticle Size , J. Wiley, NY (1963). 27) C.H. Johnson, J.E. Christian A.W. Tiede-mann, Jr, Bulletin Nineteenth Meeting Inter agency Chemical Rocket Propulsion Group-Working Group on Analytical Chemistry, St. Paul, Minnesota, 265-269 (1963) 28) H.L. 

Round Robin No 30 of the ICRPG Working Group on Analytical Chemistry Particle Size Analysis of Nominal 20- to 30-Micron Ammonium Perchlorate with the Mine Safety Appliances Analyzer", RK-TR-69-13 (1969) 40) R.A. Dobbins L.D. Strand, AIAA Joum 8, 1544 (1970) 41) R.W. Hutchinson, Use of... 

Bioinorganic Research Group of Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary... 

Technical Analytical Research Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institute for General and Analytical Chemistry, Technical University, St. Gellert ter 4, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary. 

Konig KH, Schuster M (1994) Platinum group metals. In Seiler HG, Sigel A. Sigel H, eds. Handbook on metals in clinical and analytical chemistry. Dekker, New York. 

There are many applications in which RMs and CRMs are used, but those that are relevant to analytical chemistry, including environmental, industrial, bio-medical, and forensic apphcations and that directly influence Total Quality Management (TQM) can briefly be grouped into the main categories listed below. 

Analytical Chemistry Division, Nuclear Methods Group, Bid. 235, Rm. B-125 Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA E-mail rolf.zeisIer nist.gov... 

Make a list of basic skills useful in analytical chemistry, such as public speaking, writing skills, statistics, electronics, and computer science. Determine where each analyst is strong or weak, and make a commitment to further training. Reserve several hours each week for special training in basic skills. Presentation by junior analysts of a published paper to a group of peers is one useful format. 

J. N. Hogsett, cf., method description in F. E. Critchfield, Organic Functional Group Analysis (International Series of Monographs on Analytical Chemistry, Vol. 8), Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1963, p. 95. 

W. F. Smyth (Editor), Electroanalysis in Hygiene, Environmental, Clinical and Pharmaceutical Chemistry Proceedings of a Conference Organized by the Electroanalytical Group of the Chemical Society, London, 17-20 April, 1979, (Analytical Chemistry Symposia Series, Vol. 2), Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1980. 

Hydrogen sulfide gas is used in analytical chemistry laboratories to detect certain metal ions in a solution. If the solution contains a Group IIA metal, such as calcium, a precipitate will form when an acidic solution containing hydrogen sulfide is added to it. The precipitate forms because one of the products of the chemical reaction is insoluble (which means it does not dissolve). 

This series of texts is a result of an initiative by the Committee of Heads of Polytechnic Chemistry Departments in the United Kingdom, A project team based at Thames Polytechnic using funds available from the Manpower Services Commission Open Tech Project has organised and managed the development of the material suitable for use by Distance Learners . The contents of the various units have been identified, planned and written almost exclusively by groups of polytechnic staff, who are both expert in the subject area and are currently teaching in analytical chemistry. 

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