Group 15 amides listed

The monomers used to generate polyesters can be used to form many copolymers that will contain ester groups. The esters can be included in copolymers with other esters, with ether groups, amides, carbonates, etc. Some examples of such copolymers are listed in Table 10.1.9. 

For an amide, the names of all the circled alkyl groups are listed before the parent name. 

A series of amides has been prepared as protective groups that are cleaved by intramolecular cyclization after activation, by reduction of a nitro group, or by activation by other chemical means. These groups have not found much use since the first edition of this volume and are therefore only listed for completeness. The concept is generalized in the following scheme ... 

Only a small number of heavier group 1 metal primary amides has been structurally characterized. Table 2 lists six compounds, three containing sodium and three containing cesium. The structures characterized contain the well-established M2N2 ring motif to build dimers 280 and 281, a tetrameric cubane 282, and polymers 283-285. The... 

The fluorescence decay parameters of tyrosine and several tyrosine analogues at neutral pH are listed in Table 1.2. Tyrosine zwitterion and analogues with an ionized a-carboxyl group exhibit monoexponential decay kinetics. Conversion of the a-carboxyl group to the corresponding amide results in a fluorescence intensity decay that requires at least a double exponential to fit the data. While not shown in Table 1.2, protonation of the carboxyl group also results in complex decay kinetics.(38)... 

Use of a hydrocarbon solvent such as cyclohexane can discriminate these compounds either as the only measured value or as a value to be subtracted from the octanol value (Alog P) [19-21]. Unfortunately, cyclohexane is a poor solvent for many compounds and does not have the utility of octanol. Groups which hydrogen bond and attenuate actual membrane crossing compared to their predicted ability based on octanol are listed in Figure 1.4. The presence of two or more amide, carboxyl functions in a molecule will significantly impact on membrane crossing ability and will need substantial intrinsic lipophilicity in other functions to provide sufficient hydrophobicity to penetrate the lipid core of the membrane. 

Many of the common condensation polymers are listed in Table 1-1. In all instances the polymerization reactions shown are those proceeding by the step polymerization mechanism. This chapter will consider the characteristics of step polymerization in detail. The synthesis of condensation polymers by ring-opening polymerization will be subsequently treated in Chap. 7. A number of different chemical reactions may be used to synthesize polymeric materials by step polymerization. These include esterification, amidation, the formation of urethanes, aromatic substitution, and others. Polymerization usually proceeds by the reactions between two different functional groups, for example, hydroxyl and carboxyl groups, or isocyanate and hydroxyl groups. 

When grouped on the basis of similarities in their chemical structure, most antibiotics fall into the categories listed in Table 1.17. S-Lactams, which include penicillins and cephalosporins, exhibit a characteristic /i-lactam core ring structure (a four-atom cyclic amide) (Figure 1.14). They induce their bacteriocidal activity by inhibiting the synthesis of peptidoglycan, an essential component of the bacterial cell wall. 

Not listed and therefore not permitted are substances from chemical groups like pyrazines, pyridines, amines, amides, or aliphatic lower alcohols, aldehydes and hydrocarbons (C5 and lower) if not mentioned by individual name [17]. 

Tables 1.1 and 1.2, laid out in the form of a Periodic Table, provide (i) a list of the elements, (ii) in brackets after each entry, the metal oxidation states for its amides, and (iii) the number of literature citations for each group of metals. Highlighted in bold are those metals for which amides were reported in the post-1979 period, while in italics are those metal oxidation states which likewise are of more recent date.

Table 1.1 List of metal amides of Group I, 2, 12, 13 (not B), 14 (notM ) and 15 (not P) in various oxidation states (shown in brackets) and number of literature citations new metals and oxidation states are shown in bold and italics, respectively...

Some of the complexes listed in Table 9.7 (R = SiMe,) which have a bond or bonds between a transition metal (M ) and a Group 14 metal(II) (M ) amide have been shown to undergo further reactions. The first such reactions (1985, from Sussex) are shown in... 

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