Grass balances

Many grasses are known to act as reservoirs and sources of primary C. purpurea inoculum (Hoffmann and Schmutterer, 1983 Agrios, 1997). Since beetle banks and non-crop field margins are commonly used in organic farming to increase biodiversity, it is possible that these areas may also become sources of Claviceps inoculum. The goal for farmers must be to achieve a balance between the benefits of on-farm biodiversity (e.g. improved habitat for pest predators) and the risk of increased infection by fungi such as Claviceps. 

Recommendation (Blue Grass) EH-1. Tetrytol should not be processed simultaneously with any lead-containing energetic material until such time as it can be confirmed that lead picrate will not precipitate from the hydrolysate. The solubility of lead picrate in the reaction medium should be determined as a function of temperature, and the lead in the reaction should be accounted for in a mass balance. 

Fischer, Z. (1970). The elements of energy balance in grass carp. Polskie Archiwum Hydrobiologii 17,421-434. 

In contrast to the 1.3 1 energy balance of com ethanol, sugarcane-based ethanol has an energy balance of 8 1. Cellulosic ethanol made from prairie and switch-grass has an energy balance of 6 1, and even gasoline has an energy balance ratio of 5 1. Therefore, the overall environmental impact of com ethanol can be worse... 

Structure-activity studies have shown the crucial role of the trifluoromethyl group in optimum biological activity of bleaching herbicides [38], Isoxaflutole (Balance , Merlin ) is a root or foliar uptake systemic herbicide with broad-spectrum control in corn and sugarcane of both grass and broadleaf weeds [39], Isoxaflutole is rapidly converted in plants and in soil to the diketonitrile form, which is the biologically active species (Fig. 7) [40],... 

Grasses, small shrubs and shrubs, whose number of xerophytic and ephemeral forms increases with aridity, are the chief representatives of Arid ecosystems. At the north and south peripheries of the arid zone, herbaceous ecosystems are predominant. In regions with a well balanced atmospheric humidity prior to human activities, of wide occurrence were Meadow Steppe ecosystems intermixed with Broad-leaved Forests. With an increase in climate continental properties, the Meadow Steppe ecosystems of Eurasia grade into Forb-Fescue-Stipa and Fescue-Stipa Steppe ecosystems. In turn, the natural vegetation has been destroyed by humans and replaced by pastures and... 

Grass and clover for animal feed are routinely analysed to determine elements of nutritive quality (e.g. Ca, Mg, K, P, N, Mn etc.) and of potential risk (e.g. Cd, Hg). The results of determination of nutritive elements are used in the design of a well-balanced diet. The determination of the dangerous elements is necessary to avoid affecting the health of domestic animals which would lead to a lower production (economic loss) or even could cause damage to the consumer of animal products (milk, meat etc.). The rye grass material described in this chapter was produced for the quality control of determinations of important heavy elements, either of dangerous nature (e.g. Cd, Pb, Hg, Cu, Zn) or their role in animal nutrition (e.g. Se, Mo) [7,8]. 

In order to improve the state of health and growth of domestic animals, their diet must be well balanced, therefore basic feed often needs to be enriched with respect to trace and minor elements. Such additions are made on the basis of results of analysis of the raw material, e.g. hay. A hay powder reference material has been considered necessary as being complementary to the rye grass material described in section 6.3. The EC Directive 79/373/EEC prescribes the determination of the nutrients Ca, P and Mg S and N are also important elements since they are used as indicators of the availability of proteins finally the administration of iodine to growing animals requires that this element be carefully monitored. Consequently, the hay powder CRM 129 was certified for its contents of Ca, K, Mg, P, S, Zn, I, N and Kjeldahl-N [10,11]. 

Saxena and Pathak (3) made systematic studies of BPH-rice plant interactions, particularly behavioral and physiological responses involved in BPH establishment on rice plants. They found that resistant plants were as suitable as susceptible plants in eliciting some responses. The interaction of all the responses determined the overall susceptibility or resistance to the pest. Saxena and Pathak (3) Saxena and Puma (30), and Saxena and Okech (31) also determined the biochemical basis of suitability of rice varieties to BPH. They found that allelochemics and nutritive balance of rice varieties were important in eliciting optimal or suboptimal responses, thereby affecting BPH ability to establish on rice plants. The steam distillate extracts of resistant varieties and of the barnyard grass were repellent and, when applied topically, caused high mortalities even at low doses. In contrast, extracts of susceptible varieties possessed moderate to high attractance and were relatively nontoxic to the insect. Recently, Obata et al. (32) isolated and identified constituents of BPH attractant in the Japanese rice cultivar Nihonbare . 

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