Grass carp

Grass carp, common and scientific names, 3 187t... 

Einally, LDPE SPMDs with grass carp lipid were exposed for 21 d to 14C-2,2, 5,5 -TCB, 14c-3,3, 4,4 -TCB, i c-mirex and i c-fenvalerate, whereas SPMDs with triolein or lecithin were exposed to only " C-2,2, 5,5 -TCB. After 21 d, the largest mass fraction of these test chemicals ( " C-mirex was an exception) was in the triolein. The C-2,2, 5,5 -TCB log triolein-water partition coefficient was 6.01, whereas the " C-2,2, 5,5 -TCB partition coefficients for the grass carp lipid-water and lecithin-water systems were 30% and 35% lower, respectively. Comparison of these data to literature log AlowS of 2,2, 5,5 -TCB showed that the partition coefficients for the grass-carp lipid and the lecithin were not significantly different from median values reported for the log ATow of " C-2,2, 5,5 -TCB. However, the partition coefficient of 2,2, 5,5 -TCB in triolein and water in direct... 

Zhao et al. [105] have been calculated the hazard ratio (HR) of PFOS for fish consumption and the risks and potential effects of PFCs to health of coastal population in the Pearl River Delta. Due to the contamination levels of more consumed species (mandarin fish, bighead carp, grass carp and tUapia), the authors have concluded that the levels of PFCs in these fish species might pose an unacceptable risk to human health. 

Grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella Herbivorous Cysteine, arginine Johnsen eta/., 1988... 

Fish Tilapia grass carp 30-60 hours Agami and Waisel, 1988... 

Johnsen, P. B., Zhou, H., and Adams, M. A. (1988). Olfactory sensitivity of the herbivorous grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idella, to amino zdds. Journal of Fish Biology 33,127-134. 

Other workers have examined the use of insects to consume troublesome weeds. Again there are problems associated with the selection of an insect that is specific to the weed and has no other disadvantages such as the sensitivity of some people. Such systems are unlikely to become widely used in agriculture but do find small niche markets, especially with the home gardener. Workers in South Africa have evaluated several insects for the control of the invasive weed Lantana camara and the aquatic fern Salvinia molesta with encouraging results.9 The grass carp has also been recommended for control of a number of submerged aquatic weeds. 

Fischer, Z. (1970). The elements of energy balance in grass carp. Polskie Archiwum Hydrobiologii 17,421-434. 

Tooby, T.E., J. Lucey, and B. Stott (1980). The tolerance of grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idella Val., to aquatic herbicides. J. Fish. Biol., 16 591-597. 

Fig. 7.12. Percentage of motile coracidia of the pseudophyllidean Bothriocephalus acheilognathi, from the freshwater grass carp, following incubation of the eggs at different temperatures. (Modified from Granath Esch, 1983.)...

In acute toxicity tests, the white amur (grass carp) was not affected at three times the recommended rate of 1 x 10° colony forming units per milliliter. Rates of ten times the recommended rate caused significant mortality (90 %) to fish (Joye, unpublished data). However, mortality may be due to excessive turbidity and reduced levels of dissolved oxygen rather than to any toxic effects. Further work is planned to determine the cause of the observed mortality. 

In Asia, the raw bile of the grass carp (Ctenopharyngodom idellus) is believed by some to be health promoting. However, eating it can result in hepatic dysfunction and nephrotoxicity (15). The former usually resolves within a few days, but the latter is more serious, culminating in acute renal insufficiency within 2-3 days after ingestion (16). Experiments in rats have shown that the bile of the grass carp loses its lethality when treated with colestyramine, which forms insoluble complexes with bUe acids (17). 

Chen CF, Lin MC, Liu HM. Plasma electrolyte changes after ingestion of bile extract of the grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) in rats. Toxicol Lett 1990 50(2-3) 221-8. 

Law SH, Wu RS, Ng PK, Yu RM, Kong RY. 2006. Cloning and expression analysis of two distinct HIF-a isoforms-gcHIF- la and gcHIF-4a-from the hypoxia-tolerant grass carp, Cteno-pharyngodoii idellus. BMC Mol Biol 7 15. 

Kasankala, L. M., Xue, Y., Weilong, Y., Hong, S. D., and He, Q. (2007). Optimization of gelatin extraction from grass carp (Catenopharyngodon idella) fish skin by response surface methodology. Bioresour. Technol. 98(17), 3338-3343. 

FIGURE 37.8 Dead grass carp and other carp species floating in a bloom of Microcystis spp. in a water reservoir in Wuhan, China. 

Grass carp fishes Triton X-100 Mouse muscle myoblastic cells (ceU line C2C12) NA Chouetal. (2014)... 

Xiong G, Cheng W, Ye L, Du X, Zhou M, Lin R, et al. Effects of konjac glucomannan on physicochemical properties of myofibrillar protein and surimi gels from grass carp (Ctenopharynoodon idella). Food Chem 2009 116(2) 413-8. 

Lu Y, Shen Q, et al. Development of an on-line matrix solid-phase dispersion/fast liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry system for the rapid and simultaneous determination of 13 sulfonamides in grass carp tissues. J Chromatogr A 2011 1218(7) 929-37. 

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