Switch grass

The use of crops for the purpose of energy generation has been described in the literature [16-22,32], The use of energy crops reduces the net C02 emissions by a significant amount. More information on C02 emissions can be found in the literature [33]. Typically, crops used for these fuel purposes include short-rotation woody crops and short-rotation herbaceous crops such as switch grass [34],... 

Since late 2007, the Energy Biosciences Institute in Berkeley has been the center for cooperation between scientists from the University of California and the Agricultural Department of the University of Illinois for the production of fuels from so-called energy crops like switch grass. In this second-generation biofuel project that is financed over a 10-year period with 500 million by oil company BP, biomass is converted with the help of synthetic catalysts, for example, organometallic compounds, in a special solvent medium, better known as ionic liquids, into hydrocarbons with properties close to automotive fuels. 

In contrast to the 1.3 1 energy balance of com ethanol, sugarcane-based ethanol has an energy balance of 8 1. Cellulosic ethanol made from prairie and switch-grass has an energy balance of 6 1, and even gasoline has an energy balance ratio of 5 1. Therefore, the overall environmental impact of com ethanol can be worse... 

Black locust Hybrid Poplar Eucalyptus Pine Switch grass... 

Lignocellulosic biomass refers to plant-derived material such as bagasse, com stover, wheat straw, rice straw, wood chips and switch grass. It is an abundant and renewable resource which is also potentially carbon-neutral and potentially economically viable if appropriate processing methods can be developed to extract and... 

To determine the eeonomies of hydrogen produetion by gasifieation of three biomass candidates bagasse, switch grass, and nutshells. 

Fig. 3 Effects of switchgrass particle size of RF pretreatment on lignin removal of original switch-grass (a) and the yield of glucose, xylose, and the total sugars in the pretreatment stage (b), hydrolysis stage (c), and combined two stages (d). Pretreatment was performed at 90°C, 20% solid eontent for 60 min...

Here, a diflerentiation is made between energy crops grown specifically as fuels (like whole crop cereal, rape or sunflower seed, miscanthus, switch grass, or sugar cane) and by-products of other production (like straw). The lat-... 

Bamboo Citrus waste Food waste Switch grass Com oil... 

Sugar beet Sweet sorghum Switch grass Willow Wood ... 

---