Graphite/composite

Alumina—graphite refractories, almost all continuous casting ware, have come into much greater use as continuous casting has spread in steelmaking. These refractories are used in shrouds that conduct the molten metal from the ladle to the tundish, in the subentry tubes that take the metal from the tundish to the mold, in isostatically pressed stopper rods, and in shroud tubes for slab and bloom casters. The alumina—graphite compositions are used in these products because of the thermal-shock resistance and corrosion resistance they impart to the product. 

Fig. 4. The performance of several grades of graphite and graphite composites subjected to thermal shock loading.

Fig. 5. Neutron irradiation induced dimensional changes in graphite composites.

Fig. 10. The effect of annealing on the normalized thermal conductivity of irradiated graphite and graphite composites.

Fig. 18. Tritium retention as a function of neutron damage tn graphite and graphite composite.

Lap shear strengths for EB-cured acrylic adhesives on graphite composites... 

In the stack, the graphite plates for gas distribution are too expensive, and development of vinyl ester-graphite composites is expected. 

Figure 120. Expanded graphite which is the basic heat transfer structure for PCM-graphite composites...

The PCM-graphite matrix can be produced with many organic and inorganic PCM, but with some important exceptions. Furtheron, limitations in producing the graphite-matrix with respect to shape and size exist. SGL has therefore developed a second method to produce PCM-graphite composites. 

The mechanisms and reasons of catalytic activity of polyaniline (PANI)-type conducting polymers toward oxygen reduction in acidic and saline solutions are investigated by electrochemical and quantum-chemical methods. The PANI/thermally expanded graphite compositions were developed for realization of fully functional air gas-diffusion electrodes. Principally new concept for creation of rechargeable metal-air batteries with such type of catalysts is proposed. The mockups of primary and rechargeable metal-air batteries with new type of polymer composite catalysts were developed and tested. 

Conducting polymers, polyaniline, catalytic activity, PANI/expanded graphite composites, metal-air batteries, primary rechargeable cells. 

Analysis of data presented clearly suggests that a sharp increase of catalytic activity takes place in relatively thin layer of PANI, which corresponds to the mass of about 0.6...0.9 mg (or Q=108...164 mC) per geometric surface of electrode (0.5 cm2). Further increase of PANI thickness (or mass) cannot increase enough the catalytic activity of porous electrode. That is the reason why the developed by us PANI/graphite composites have relatively high content of graphite (Table 4). 

The above phenomenon has found a practical application for development of metal-air battery mockups with low costs PANI/Expanded Graphite composite catalysts. 

We believe that new type of conducting polymer / expanded graphite composite electrodes as gas-diffusion cathodes will find in perspective a practical application for some types of batteries and fuel cells. 

The following chapter contains a collection of six papers specifically dedicated to the topic of metal/graphite composites as candidate active materials for the negative electrodes of the lithium-ion batteries of the near future. Editors believe this chapter to be a very first attempt made in the worldwide electrochemical literature to group metal/graphite composite lithium-ion battery developers into a stand-alone section of a book. 

Therefore, due to considerations of uniformity of coating, in further tests it was decided to focus on the spheroidal metal-graphite composites. 

METAL-GRAPHITE COMPOSITS AS MATERIALS FOR ELECTRODES OF LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES... 

Modestov A., Glezer V., Maryasin I., Lev O. Photocatalytic degradation of chlorinated phenoxyacetic acids by a new buoyant titania - exfoliated graphite composite photocatalyst. J Phys Chem B 1997 101 4623-9. 

---