Composites self-lubricating graphite

Combination of metal to be deposited with water repellent powder. In composite plating, the characteristics of particles to be codeposited are the most important. Water repellent fluoroplastic powder represented by Polytetrafluoro-ethylene (PTFE) has various unique and interesting characteristics such as non-adhesiveness, self-lubricity and chemical resistance, as well as water repellency. Incorporation of such powder into the composite plating would give a surface with quite different characteristics from those obtained by conventional surface treatments. Representative water repellent powders used in this study of composite plating are graphite fluoride [(CF) ] and PTFE. 

Graphite is one of the oldest and the most widely used (due to its lower price compared to M0S2 or BN) solid lubricants. It is obtained both as a soft mineral and as a man-made (synthetic) product. Graphite powders are used as solid lubricants in three ways (1) in dry films, (2) as an additive in liquids (oils) or semisolids (greases), and (3) as a component of self-lubricating (internally lubricated) composites. A NIOSH web site [8] has listed a total of 55 synonyms for graphite. 

Hayajneh, M.T., Hassan, A.M. and Mayyas, A.T. (2009) Artificial neural network modeling of the drilling process of self-lubricated aluminum/alumina/graphite hybrid composites synthesized by powder metallurgy technique, J Alloys Compd, 478 559-65. 

Various other soft materials without the layer—lattice stmcture are used as soHd lubricants (58), eg, basic white lead or lead carbonate [598-63-0] used in thread compounds, lime [1305-78-8] as a carrier in wire drawing, talc [14807-96-6] and bentonite [1302-78-9] as fillers for grease for cable pulling, and zinc oxide [1314-13-2] in high load capacity greases. Graphite fluoride is effective as a thin-film lubricant up to 400°C and is especially useful with a suitable binder such as polyimide varnish (59). Boric acid has been shown to have promise as a self-replenishing soHd composite (60). 

Although self-reinforced UHMWPE was effectively abandoned for orthopedic bearings, interest has continued in other UHMWPE matrix composites, driven partly by new initiatives in nanocomposites materials science and polymer science. Indeed, UHMWPE matrix composites have been employed industrially for decades, and researchers have continued to explore the effect of historical standard fillers on the mechanical and dielectric properties of UHMWPE [36—40]. Solid lubricants, such as glass, graphite, ceramics (e.g., kaolin, AI2O3), and molybdenum... 

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