Grand challenges energy

More specifically, the grand challenge energy-related outcomes South Africa should achieve by 2018 include ... 

Bio-Inspired Chemistry for Grand Challenges in Food, Energy and Environment- New Waves of Enthusiasm and Innovations... 

Despite remarkable advances in the knowledge base from experiments and theory, significant uncertainties associated with tritium retention and erosion lifetime remain in ITER. This area remains one of the grand challenges that must be met for magnetic fusion to achieve its promise as an attractive, environmentally acceptable energy source. 

In this chapter we described some of the industrial aspects of ceramics. Ceramics make money. Unfortunately obtaining the raw materials can have some undesirable environmental and societal impacts. The environmental impact of nanomaterials is an issue that has not yet significantly concerned the ceramics industry because no one knows exactly what that impact is. But as the market for ceramic nanopowders and other nanostructures (such as wires and tubes) increases the environmental concerns will have to be addressed. Many of the grand challenges we face as a society, such as energy, the enviromnent, and health care, will require innovative technological solutions. Ceramics can play an important role in these areas, e.g., nuclear waste immobilization, catalytic conversion, and viral nanosensors. 

The Department of Energy s Basic Energy Sciences organization has consistently used the grand challenge approach to identify difficult science problems across a range of basic research areas. ... 

The twenty-first century poses several grand challenges clean water, clean air, climate change, energy, biodiversity, and sustainability. The universities can play a central role in coming up with solutions to these problems. The solutions will need Eminent Technological Innovations and thousands of innovative ways to localize the eminent innovations. The universities of the twenty-first century have to create educational programs and an echo system that injects a lot more innovation and entrepreneurship into their institutions to remain relevant to the world. 

Understanding the hydrogen bond properties of water has been a grand challenge for liquid state theories and molecular simulations. The first simulation of liquid water was carried out more than four decades ago by using the method of Monte Carlo, where the energies of different configurations were calculated from empirical interaction potentials. However, the many-body interactions and their participation in... 

Among the potential battery systems beyond Li-ion, the Li-air and Li-S batteries best meet the requirements of high energy density, low cost, and environmental friendhness. However, grand challenges remain, especially for the Li-air batteries. In near future, the Li-S batteries may be a better choice than the Li-air batteries although their problems have lasted for many years and have not yet been completely solved. Solid state electrolyte completely avoids the dissolution of lithium... 

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