Glycoconjugates vaccines

Recent applications of HPAEC-PAD are many and varied. A representative list includes quantitation of polyglucose metabolites in plasma of dialysis patients,148 analysis of heat-treated milk,149 carbohydrate content in lipopolysaccharides,150 phosphorylated sugars in tissue samples,151 composition of soybean meal,152 carbohydrate composition of recombinant modified tissue plasminogen activator,153 analysis of cyclization products from an enzyme reaction,154 carbohydrate content of glycoconjugate vaccines,155 and monitoring of patients with rheumatoid arthritis.156... 

Pozsgay, V. (1998) Synthesis of glycoconjugate vaccines against Shigella dysenteriae type 1. J. Org. Chem. 63, 5983-5999. 

The trichloroacetimidate method has also found wide applications in the synthesis of various complex oligosaccharides. In the course of the development of chemically defined glycoconjugate vaccines against shigellosis, a decasaccharide, corresponding to two consecutive repeating units of the O-specifk polysaccharide of Shigella... 

Dick Jr WE, Beurret M (1989) Glycoconjugates of bacterial carbohydrate antigens. In Cruse JM, Lewis Jr RE (eds) Contrib Microbiol Immunol. Karger, Basel, vol 10, p 48 Jennings HJ, Sood RK (1994) Synthetic giycoconjugates as human vaccines. In Lee YC, Lee RT (eds) Neoglycoconjugates preparation and applications. Academic Press, San Diego, p 325... 

Jennings HJ, Sood RK (1994) Synthetic glycoconjugates as human vaccines. In Lee YC, Lee RT (eds) Neoglycoconjugates preparation and applications. Academic Press, San Diego, p 325... 

S. Grigalevicius, S. Chierici, O. Renaudet, R. Lo-Man, E. Deriaud, C. Leclerc, and P. Dumy, Chemoselective assembly and immunological evaluation of multiepitopic glycoconjugates bearing clustered Tn antigen as synthetic anticancer vaccines, Bioconjugate Chem., 16 (2005) 1149-1159. 

Wu, X. and Bundle, D.R. (2005) Synthesis of glycoconjugate vaccines for Candida albicans using novel linker methodology. Journal of Organic Chemistry, 70, 7381-7388. 

The formation of CC bonds to prepare glycoconjugates has also gained some attention. For example, Diels-Alder cycloaddition has allowed the preparation of synthetic glycoproteins [144] and the construction of a synthetic vaccine candidate against Neisseria meningitidis A [145], These methods relied on a pretagging step to create suitable protein reactants. 

It has been possible to produce vaccines to use for immunization against certain bacterial infections and other human diseases. Staphylococcus aureus capsular polysaccharide in combination with a carrier protein has been used to prepare monovalent vaccines specific for S. aureus [86], The vaccine was administered to groups of healthy adults and to patients with end-stage renal disease. The antibodies are directed at the polysaccharide moiety of the glycoconjugate. The data of this study show that conjugate-induced antibodies to S. aureus can provide partial protection against S. aureus bacteremia, Fig. (45). 

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