Glyceryl, oxide

Boyle (1661) mentions that olive and almond oils become thick when acted upon by red fuming aqua fortis (which dissolves camphor), but the observation was not noticed imtil J. J. E. Poutet, a Marseilles apothecary, found that olive oil solidifies when shaken with a solution of mercury in nitric acid, and he proposed this as a test for olive oil. It was found, however, that other oils behaved similarly. Felix Boudet, a Paris apothecary, found that the mercury solution acts only when it contains free nitrous acid, and showed that a new substance is formed which he called elaidin, and considered to be a compound of glyceryl oxide and a new acid, elaidic acid. Laurent, by the action of nitric acid on oleic acid obtained eladaic acid. He isolated from the product what he called suberic, pimelic, adipic, and azelaic acids, which he formulated adipic pimelic and azelaic His pimelic acid... 

Ethoxylated methylcarboxylates Propoxyethoxy glyceryl sulfonate Alkylpropoxyethoxy sulfate as surfactant, xanthan, and a copolymer of acrylamide and sodium 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonate Carboxymethylated ethoxylated surfactants (CME) Polyethylene oxide (PEG) as a sacrificial adsorbate Polyethylene glycols, propoxylated/ethoxylated alkyl sulfates Mixtures of sulfonates and nonionic alcohols Combination of lignosulfonates and fatty amines Alkyl xylene sulfonates, polyethoxylated alkyl phenols, octaethylene glycol mono n-decyl ether, and tetradecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride Anionic sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), cationic tetradecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (TTAC), nonionic pentadecylethoxylated nonylphenol (NP-15), and nonionic octaethylene glycol N-dodecyl ether Dimethylalkylamine oxides as cosurfactants and viscosifiers (N-Dodecyl)trimethylammonium bromide Petrochemical sulfonate and propane sulfonate of an ethoxylated alcohol or phenol Petrochemical sulfonate and a-olefin sulfonate... 

Charging mixed nitrating acid into an insufficiently cleaned glycerol drum led to a violent explosion. Formation and detonation of glyceryl nitrate may have added to the oxidation energy release. 

Ramsay, J. B. et al., Proc. 6th Int. Symp. Detonation, 1976, 723-728 Liquid nitrogen oxide and other cryogenic oxidisers (ozone, fluorine in presence of water) are very sensitive to detonation in absence of fuel, and can be initiated as readily as glyceryl nitrate [1,2]. Detonation of the endothermic liquid oxide close to its b.p. (-152°C) generated a 100 kbar pulse and fragmented the test equipment. It is the simplest molecule that is capable of detonation in all 3 phases [3], The liquid oxide is sensitive and may explode dining distillation [4],... 

Benjamin, N., Dutton, J. A. E., Ritter, J. M., Human vascular smooth muscle cells inhibit platelet aggregation when incubated with glyceryl trinitrate evidence for generation of nitric oxide. Br. J. Pharmacol. 102 (1991), p. 847-850... 

Salvemini, D., Mollace, V., Pistelli, A., Anggard, E., Vane, J., Metabolism of glyceryl trinitrate to nitric oxide by endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells and its induction by E. coli lipopolysaccharide. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89 (1992), p. 982-986... 

Salvemini, D., Pistelli, A., Vane, J., Conversion of glyceryl trinitrate to nitric oxide in tolerant and... 

Servent, D., Delaforge, M., Ducrocq, C., Mansuy, D., Lenfant, M., Nitric oxide formation during microsomal hepatic denitration of glyceryl trinitrate involvement of cytochrome P-450. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 163 (1989),... 

The decomposition rates of several glycol nitrates and glyceryl trinitrate are greatly enhanced by the presence of transition metal oxides or chelates. 

Despite the many decades amyl nitrite and glyceryl trinitrate have been used in therapy, it is only in recent years that the molecular mechanism of action of the nitrovasodilators has begun to be understood [3-5]. The drugs act by releasing nitric oxide (NO, a neutral radical usually written simply as NO), which produces smooth muscle relaxation in blood vessels and exhibits a range of other biological effects [6]. Thus, bioactivation to yield NO precedes the main therapeutic effect of nitrovasodilators and would justify their classifica-... 

G. S. Marks, B. E. McLaughlin, S. L. Jimmo, M. Poklewska-Koziell, J. F. Brien, K. Na-katsu, Time-Dependent Increase in Nitric Oxide Formation Concurrent with Vasodilation Induced by Sodium Nitroprusside, 3-Morpholinosydnonimine, and 5-Nitroso-V-ace-tylpenicillamine but not by Glyceryl Trinitrate , Drug Metab. Dispos. 1995, 23, 1248 — 1252. 

Commercial kits are based on the Upase-catalyzed total hydrolysis of the triglyceride, followed by glycerol kinase-catalyzed synthesis of 1-glyceryl phosphate (67) and GPO-catalyzed oxidation of the latter, as shown in equation 17. The end analysis is by a chromogenic oxidation process catalyzed by peroxidase, similar to equation 27, involving 4-aminoantipyrine (81) and 3,5-dichloro-2-hydroxybenzenesulfonate (88) or iV-ethyl-iV-(3-sulfopropyl)-m-anisidine (94)28. 290... 

Gruetter, C. A., Gruetter, D. Y., Lyon, J. E., Kadowitz, P. J., and Ignarro, L. J. (1981). Relationship between cyclic guanosine 3 5 -monophosphate formation and relaxation of coronary arterial smooth muscle by glyceryl trinitrate, nitroprusside, nitrite and nitric oxide Effects of methylene blue and methemoglobin. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 219, 181-186. 

---