Streptomyces 5. antibioticus

Sterile agar slants are prepared using the Streptomyces sporulation medium of Hickey and Tresner, J. Bact., vol. 64, pages 891-892 (1952). Four of these slants are inoculated with lyophilized spores of Streptomyces antibioticus NRRL 3238, incubated at 28°C for 7 days or until aerial spore growth is well-advanced, and then stored at 5°C. The spores from the four slants are suspended in 40 ml of 0.1% sterile sodium heptadecyl sulfate solution. A nutrient medium having the following composition is then prepared 2.0% glucose monohydrate 1.0% soybean meal, solvent extracted, 44% protein 0.5% animal peptone (Wilson s protopeptone 159) 0.2% ammonium chloride 0.5% sodium chloride 0.25% calcium carbonate and water to make 100%. 

Pentostatin (deoxycoformycin Fig. 4) is a purine isolated from cultures of Streptomyces antibioticus. Its mode of action involves inhibition of adenosine deaminase, which plays a key role in purine salvage pathways and DNA synthesis. As a consequence, deoxyadenosine triphosphate (dATP) is accumulated, which is highly toxic to lymphocytes. This is associated with augmented susceptibility to apoptosis, particularly in T cells. 

Aguirrezabalaga, I., Olano, C., Allende, N. et al. (2000) Identification and expression of genes involved in biosynthesis of L-oleandrose and its intermediate L-olivose in the oleandomycin producer. Streptomyces antibioticus. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 44 (5), 1266-1275. 

The more recently discovered and most unusual structures include the dimeric phenazine derivatives esmeraldin A (52) and esmeraldin B (53), which are produced by Streptomyces antibioticus Tii 2706 together with 49 [54]. Esmeraldins exhibit no antibacterial activity but 53 is effective against tumor cells. Much effort has been directed to the elucidation of the biosynthesis of the esmeraldins [55]. Some rare L-quinovose esters (55a-d) of saphenic acid have... 

Chacko et al. (1966) reported DDT dechlorinated to DDD by six actinomycetes Norcardiasp., Streptomyces albus, Streptomyces antibioticus, Streptomyces auerofaciens, Streptomyces cinna-moneus, Streptomyces viridochromogenes) but not by eight fungi. The maximum degradation observed was 25% in 6 d. 

Desferri-ferrithiocin from Streptomyces antibioticus (Fig. 25, 71) (4, 254) is struc-... 

Macrolides boromvcin-like Mar. aplasmomycin from Streptomycesffiseus, Actinom., Bact. frmn Japan sea mud Land boromycin from African soil Streptomyces antibioticus, Actinom., Ba<4. Stout 1991 antimvcin-like Mar. and Land Streptomyces spp. Imamura 1993. 

Nipent/Lederle Streptomyces antibioticus (Waksman and Woodruffl941) Waksman and Henrici 1948, Actincan., Bact. 

Schimana J, Fiedler H-P, Groth I, Siissmuth R, Beil W, Walker M, Zeeck A (2000) Simocyclinones, Novel Cytostatic Angucyclinone Antibiotics Produced by Streptomyces antibioticus Tii6040 I. Taxonomy, Fermentation, Isolation and Biological Activities. J Antibiot 53 779... 

L-Olivose (2,6-dideoxy-L-arabino-hexose, 55L) is not common in Nature. The 3-C-methyl derivative, L-oleandrose has been found in oleandomycin, a macro-lide antibiotic produced by Streptomyces antibioticus. Interestingly, it was proved that methylation occurs in the L-oliviosyl glycoside once L-olivose is transferred to the aglycone.150... 

L. Rodriguez, D. Rodriguez, C. Olano, A. F. Brana, C. Mendez, and J. A. Salas, Functional analysis of OleY L-oleandrosyl 3-O-methyltransferase of the oleandomycin biosynthetic pathway in Streptomyces antibioticus, J. Bacteriol., 183 (2001) 5358-5363. 

Actinomycin.—Kynurenine and 3-hydroxykynurenine are actinomycin precursors in Streptomyces antibioticus (cf. Vol. 6, p. 42). Recently, kynureninase and hydroxykynureninase activity has been identified in S. parvulus cultures and the latter activity was found to show correlation with actinomycin formation.57... 

Quiros LM, Aguirrezabalaga I, Olano C et al (1998) Two glycosyltransferases and a glycosidase are involved in oleandomycin modification during its biosynthesis by Streptomyces antibioticus. Mol Microbiol 28 1177-1185... 

Quiros LM, Salas JA (1995) Biosynthesis of the macrolide oleandomycin by Streptomyces antibioticus. J Biol Chem 270 18234—18239... 

Quiros LM, Carbajo RJ, Brana AF et al (2000) Glycosylation of macrolide antibiotics. Purification and kinetic studies of a macrolide glycosyltransferase from Streptomyces antibioticus. J Biol Chem 275 11713-11720... 

Hernandez C, Olanoa C, Mendeza C et al (1993) Characterization of a Streptomyces antibioticus gene cluster encoding a glycosyltransferase involved in oleandomycin inactivation. Gene 134 139-140... 

V Bernan, D Filpula, W Flerber, M Bibb, E Katz. The nucleotide sequence of the tyrosinase gene from Streptomyces antibioticus and characterization of the gene product. Gene 37 101-110, 1985. 

Actinomycin D 93, isolated from Streptomyces antibioticus in 1940, belongs to the class of chromopeptides and is characterized by its cytostatic growth inhibition in tumors and antibacterial action. 

S. Hoyt and G. H. Jones (1999). RelA is required for actinomycin production in Streptomyces antibioticus. J. Bacterial., 181, 3824-3829. 

Pentostatin, a nucleoside of structure 129a, isolated118 from the fermentation beers of Streptomyces antibioticus NRRL 3238, and obtained by a total synthesis119, is effective as co-drug for enhancing the antiviral120 and antitumor121 efficacy of various adenine... 

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