Glucose molecular structure

Chemical Name Polymeric glucose (see structural formula) of molecular weight 40,000 Common Name —... 

Adenosine triphosphate, coupled reactions and. 1128-1129 function of, 157, 1127-1128 reaction with glucose, 1129 structure of, 157, 1044 S-Adenosylmethionine, from methionine, 669 function of, 382-383 stereochemistry of, 315 structure of, 1045 Adipic acid, structure of, 753 ADP, sec Adenosine diphosphate Adrenaline, biosynthesis of, 382-383 molecular model of, 323 slructure of, 24... 

Polysaccharides Synthesized by Micro-organisms. I. The Molecular Structure of Mannocaralose Produced from Glucose by Penicillium charlesii G. Smith, W. N. Haworth, H. Raistrick, and M. Stacey, Biochem. J., 29 (1935) 612- 621. 

Burant CF et al Mammalian glucose transporters structure and molecular regulation. Recent Prog Horm Res 1991 47 349. Krebs HA Gluconeogenesis. Proc R Soc London (Biol) 1964 159 545. 

The six-carbon sugar a-galactose is identical to a-glucose except at carbon atom number 4, where the orientations are different. Draw the molecular structure of a-galactose. Simplify the stmcture by using flat rings rather than the true three-dimensional forms. 

Figure 12.4 Molecular structures of L-ascorbic acid and D-glucose.

It should be remembered that some of the established antioxidants have other metabolic roles apart from free-radical scavenging. The finding of reduced antioxidant defences in diabetes, for example, may not be prima fascie evidence of increased oxidative stress, since alternative explanations may operate. For example, this may reflect a response to reduced free-radical activity as su ested by the results of a previous study (Collier et al., 1988). In the case of ascorbate, an alternative explanation has been proposed by Davis etal. (1983), who demonstrated competitive inhibition of ascorbate uptake by glucose into human lymphocytes. This view is supported by the similar molecular structure of glucose and ascorbic acid (see Fig. 12.4) and by a report of an inverse relationship between glycaemic control and ascorbate concentrations in experimental diabetes in rats. Other investigators, however, have not demonstrated this relationship (Som etal., 1981 Sinclair etal., 1991). 

Figure 13.17.1 The molecular structure of sucrose, a disaccharide of glucose and fructose. Asterisks indicate the hydroxyl groups replaced with chlorine atoms in the synthetic sweetner.

Secoiridoids are complex phenols produced from the secondary metabolism of terpenes as precursors of several indole alkaloids (Soler-Rivas and others 2000). They are characterized by the presence of elenolic acid, in its glucosidic or aglyconic form, in their molecular structure. Oleuropein, the best-known secoiridoid, is a heterosidic ester of elenolic acid and 3,4- dihydroxyphenylethanol containing a molecule of glucose, the hydrolysis of which yields elenolic acid and hydroxytyrosol (Soler-Rivas and others 2000). 

Example - A typical spectrum of the corresponding pulse sequence applied to peracetylated glucose together with the molecular structure... 

Burant, C.F., Sivitz, W.I., Fukumoto, H Kayano, T., Nagamatsu, S., Seino, S Pessin, J.E., Bell, G.I. (1992). Mammalian glucose transporters Structure and molecular regulation. Recent Prog. Hormone Res. 47, 349-387. 

Rooney et al (45) reported that the rate of carbonyl formation varied with the molecular structure of sugar. Xylose was most reactive as it produced the greatest quantity of carbonyls, followed by glucose, then maltose. In the presence of these sugars isoleucine was more reactive than phenylalanine. In a study on the Strecker degradation of valine-carbonyl, diacetyl showed the greatest reactivity followed by sorbose> arabinose>xylose>fructose>glucose>sucrose>rhamnose, Self(46). 

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