Glucose transporter structure

Burant CF et al Mammalian glucose transporters structure and molecular regulation. Recent Prog Horm Res 1991 47 349. Krebs HA Gluconeogenesis. Proc R Soc London (Biol) 1964 159 545. 

Burant, C.F., Sivitz, W.I., Fukumoto, H Kayano, T., Nagamatsu, S., Seino, S Pessin, J.E., Bell, G.I. (1992). Mammalian glucose transporters Structure and molecular regulation. Recent Prog. Hormone Res. 47, 349-387. 

Brown GK. Glucose transporters structure, function and consequences of deficiency. J Inherit Metab Dis 2000 23 237-246. 

Glucose transport in the erythrocyte is also potently inhibited by a series of biphenolic compounds, including diethylstilboestrol and related compounds, and phloretin, whose structures are shown in Fig. 1. Diethylstilboestrol inhibits transport with a K of about 5 [35] and phloretin inhibits with a K of about 2 /rM [36]. 

The structure of the human erythrocyte glucose transport protein... 

Mueckler, M., et al. Sequence and structure of a human glucose transporter. Science 1985, 229, 941-945. 

Olson, A. L. and J. E. Pessin. Structure, function, and regulation of the mammalian facilitative glucose transporter gene family. Annu. Rev. Nutr. 1996, 36, 235-256. 

Hruz, P. W. and M. M. Mueckler. Structural analysis of the GLUT1 facilitative glucose transporter. Mol. Membr. Biol. 2001, 38, 183-193. 

Gould GW, Holman GD. The glucose transporter family structure, function and tissue specific expression. Biochem J 1993 295 329-341. 

Hebert, D. N. and Carruthers, A. (1992) Glucose transporter oligomeric structure determines transporter function. Reversible redox-dependent interconversions of tetrameric, and dimeric GLUT1. J. Biol. Chem. 267, 23829-23838. 

The evidence suggests that the various transport systems and the mutarotase protein must contain some glucose-binding structure of peculiar suitability, which has led to its retention through a long evolutionary history in recognizable form. There is persuasive evidence... 

Sandoval IV., Martinez-Arca S., Valdueza J., Palacios S. and Holman G. D. (2000) Distinct reading of different structural determinants modulates the dileucine-mediated transport steps of the lysosomal membrane protein LIMPII and the insulin-sensitive glucose transporter GLUT4. J. Biol. Chem. 275, 39874-39885. 

Pessin JE, Bell GI (1992), Mammalian facilitative glucose transporter family. Structure and molecular regulation, Annu. Rev. Physiol. 54 911-930. 

Structural Requirements of Glucose Binding to Facilitative Glucose Transporters 74... 

Figure 1. Models for the orientation of A.) Members of the facilitative glucose transporter family (CLUT1 to GLUT7), and B.) the sodium-dependent glucose transporter (SGLT1). The branched structure is at the site of glycosylation for both transporters. In A, the open residues represent amino acids which are identical in GLUT1 through GLUT5.

The structural features of the glucose transporter that determine its affinity for various sugars are poorly understood but arise from the differences in amino acid sequence which may impart differences in secondary or higher structure. One recent study has suggested that the intracellular C-terminus may determine the affinity for... 

The primary, secondary, and presumably tertiary, and higher, structure of the family of facilitative glucose transporters are similar. It is beginning to be understood which domains of these transporters are important for substrate and inhibitor binding and for subcellular localization. Future work will undoubtably uncover the molecular mechanism by which the facilitative transporters catalyze the translocation of sugars across the membrane. 

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