Glass invention

Eyeglasses, a telescope, and a distillation apparatus—pivotal glass inventions. 

One of the fortunate properties of this five-component metallic glass (invented in 1992 by William L. Johnson and Atakan Peker at the California Institute of Technology) is that it can be... 

Assigning the Subject Matter Glass. Factors to consider when reviewing the "nature" of the invention maybe summarized by the following questions ... 

When you pour boiling water into a cold bottle and discover that the bottom drops out with a smart pop, you have re-invented the standard test for thermal shock resistance. Fracture caused by sudden changes in temperature is a problem with ceramics. But while some (like ordinary glass) will only take a temperature "shock" of 80°C before they break, others (like silicon nitride) will stand a sudden change of 500°C, and this is enough to fit them for use in environments as violent as an internal combustion engine. 

A number of American research institutions and the people who shaped them have already featured in this book the creation of the Materials Research Laboratories Robert Mehl s influence on the Naval Research Laboratory and on Carnegie Institute of Technology Hollomon s influence on the GE laboratory Seitz s influence on the University of Illinois (and numerous other places) Carothers and Flory at the Dupont laboratory the triumvirate who invented the transistor and the atmosphere at Bell Laboratories that made this feat possible Stookey, glass-ceramics and the Corning Glass laboratory. I would like now to round off this list with an account of a most impressive laboratory that came to grief, and the man who shaped it. 

Corrosion of the tank is the major factor limiting water heater lifetimes. The A. O. Smith company invented the glass-lined tank in 1939, where an enamel coating is baked onto the inside surface of the tank at high temperatures. The technology has subsequently been adopted by other manufacturers, although other linings are used such as cement or plastic. 

The pressure of the atmosphere can be measured with a barometer, an instrument invented in the seventeenth century by Evangelista Torricelli, a student of Galileo. Torricelli (whose name coincidentally means little tower in Italian) formed a little tower of liquid mercury. He sealed a long glass tube at one end, filled it with mercury, and inverted it into a beaker (Fig. 4.4). The column of mercury fell until the pressure that it exerted at its base matched the pressure exerted by the atmosphere. To interpret measurements with a barometer, we need to find how the height of the column of mercury depends on the atmospheric pressure. 

The invention and development of the zinc polycarboxylate and glass-ionomer cements was brought about by a change in basic attitudes in materials science in dentistry. This largely revolved around the necessity of inventing materials which would adhere to tooth enamel and dentine. 

The glass polyalkenoate cement, formerly known as the glass-ionomer cement, was invented by Wilson and Kent in 1969 (Wilson Kent, 1973) and is now well established as a material that has an important role in clinical dentistry. It has proved to have considerable development potential and has been subjected to continuous development, improvement and... 

Rutti, B., Early Enameled Glass, in Roman Glass Two Centuries of Art and Invention, Newby M. and Painter K., Eds., Society of Antiquaries of London, London, 1991. 

The invention of the thermometer is generally credited to Galileo. His instrument, built near the end of the sixteenth century, relied on the expansion of air with an increase of heat. Traditional liquid-in-glass thermometers were devised in the 1630s and are standard equipment today in research settings, medical practice, and meteorological measurement. 

PPG [Pittsburgh Plate Glass Company] A process for making calcium hypochlorite. Hypochlorous acid and chlorine monoxide, generated by reacting chlorine and carbon dioxide with sodium carbonate monohydrate, are passed into lime slury. Invented in 1938 by I. E. Muskatt and G. H. Cady at the Pittsburgh Plate Glass Company. 

Glass capillary columns were invented shortly after GC but did not see wide routine use, as the original glass columns were difficult and expensive to make, requiring an elaborate glass drawing machine, beyond... 

---