Glass component

Ground-water composition would be altered by the glass, either by two-phase chemical reactions or, more likely, by leaching of glass components. In particular, relatively high concentrations of dissolved and colloidal silica would be expected. 

Bromochloromethane was being prepared in a 400 1 reactor by addition of liquid bromine to dichloromethane in presence of aluminium powder (which would form some aluminium bromide to catalyse the halogen exchange reaction). The reaction was started and run for 1.5 h, stopped for 8 h, then restarted with addition of bromine at double the usual rate for 2.5 h, though the reaction did not appear to be proceeding. Soon afterwards a thermal runaway occurred, shattering the glass components of the reactor. 

The glass components of the apparatus are immersed in a solution of 19.8 g of potassium hydroxide in 20 mL of water and 88 mL of ethanol for 20 min, dried overnight in a 150°C oven, and then assembled and maintained under an atmosphere of argon during the course of the reaction. This procedure removes traces of materials that otherwise can catalyze decomposition of the organotin reagents employed in the reaction. 

Glass-cloth-reinforced laminates, silane performance in, 22 702 Glass coatings, thin-film, 12 608—609 Glass components, 12 595t Glass compositions, 12 594t 13 387 bioactive, 12 611... 

The glass components of the apparatus were dried overnight in a 150°C-oven and allowed to cool in a desiccator over a drying agent before assembly. 

The glass components of the apparatus are dried overnight in a 120°C oven and then assembled and maintained under an atmosphere of nitrogen during the course of the reaction. 

If the contaminants exhibit a high vapor pressure, then they can be pumped out relatively quickly. If this is not successful, then the apparatus will have to be cleaned. Contaminated glass components will first be cleaned with chromic-sulfuric acid mixture or - if this is necessary - with dilute hydrofluoric acid (1 30). They are then rinsed with distilled water. If this does not bring about the desired results, then an organic solvent can be tried. Then the glass components will again have to be rinsed with methanol and distilled water. (Do not use denatured alcohol )... 

By their nature, gravimetric apparatus are quite fragile and care must be exercised in their use. Volumetric equipment usually contains fragile glass components. Continuous flow instruments are all metal, except for the sample cell, and are the least fragile of the various apparatus. 

These results reflect the fact that the stronger the bonds in the glass are, the higher the thermal conductivity. The dependence of thermal conductivity on bond strength allows an empirical expression to be developed in which the thermal condnctivities of glass components are additive ... 

Values for V, and f/, for a number of metal oxide glass components are listed in Table 5.6. In a similar manner, the compressive modulus, K, and Poisson s ratio, v, can be determined using these parameters ... 

Tower Burst. If the energy of the detonation is sufficient to vaporize the entire tower mass, the particle population is like that described for the land surface burst. If, however, the entire tower is not vaporized, the particle population will consist of three identifiable components— the crystalline and glass components of the surface detonation plus a metal sphere population which arises from melted (not vaporized) tower materials resolidifying as spheres. Such spheres are metallic rather than metal oxide and exhibit the density and magnetic properties of the tower material. The size range of the spherical component is from a few microns to perhaps a few hundred microns diameter. If we indicate by... 

The complete description of a two-component population in the lognormal form requires the determination of five parameters. Where x is used to denote the logarithm of the particle diameter in microns, standard deviation of the variable x, the fraction of the total mass in one of the two populations and subscript 1 to denote the glass component, 2 the crystalline, we have ... 

Early studies of pressure effects on gases were carried out in apparatus with glass components, which could not withstand pressures exceeding about 0.4 kbar. In order to extend T. Andrews studies of critical point behavior, French physicist E. H. Amagat (1841-1915) developed a glass-free hydraulic manometer that was able to achieve static pressures up to 3 kbar, the practical limit until about 1905. 

In optical applications, in addition to optical liber claddings, special optical adhesives matching refractive indexes of optical glass components based on fluorinated epoxyacrylates and epoxymethacrylates are used.29 Fluoroalkyl methacrylates are frequently incorporated as comonomers with siloxanyl methacrylates into contact lenses for the improvement of oxygen permeability.31... 

There are many companies that make equipment for vacuum systems, and most of them can provide a full range of materials from pumps to oils, and from gauges to leak detection equipment. Most of these vacuum systems and components are for metal systems. For glass components, such as vacuum stopcocks, joints, and even glass diffusion pumps, see the suppliers listed for Chapter 3. 

Manufacturers of glass components, in most cases, do not have DMFs. It is recommended that letters be obtained from fabricators certifying that the glass used will meet appropriate compendial requirements (i.e., US type I or type II glass). 

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