Optical liber

G. Boisde and A. Harmer, Ghemical and Biochemical Sensing With Optical Libers and Waveguides, Artech House Publishers, Norwood, 1996. 

DNA probes have been covalently immobilized onto the distal end of the optical liber bundle in the construction of a novel CL DNA bisensor [101]. Hybridization of HRP labeled complementary nucleotides to the immobilized probes was detected by enhanced CL. This approach was specific, sensitive, and available for diagnostic application with a detection limit of 0.1 ppm. 

Initially, interest for NIR emission of lanthanide ions stemmed from the development of optical libers, lasers and amplifiers for telecommunication (Kido and Okamoto, 2002 Kuriki et al., 2002) and there are a wealth of theoretical and technical papers published in this area. Up-conversion processes have also been the subject of intense investigations (Auzel, 2004). These two areas of research and development mostly deal with purely inorganic compounds or, more recently, with luminescent polymers they will not be covered in this chapter, with the exception of the latter, which will be partly described. 

In optical applications, in addition to optical liber claddings, special optical adhesives matching refractive indexes of optical glass components based on fluorinated epoxyacrylates and epoxymethacrylates are used.29 Fluoroalkyl methacrylates are frequently incorporated as comonomers with siloxanyl methacrylates into contact lenses for the improvement of oxygen permeability.31... 

The fabrication process of vanadium oxide (VO2) has also been studied using RBS/C. Since optical and electrical properties of VO2 are dramatically changed at 68°C due to phase transition, VO2 is regarded as one of the candidates for thermally activated electronic or optical switching devices for optical libers or sensors. To obtain the desired properties, the development of the fabrication process for very thin films, without crystalline defects on various substrates, is required. Single-crystalline VO2 thin films on (0001) plane of a sapphire substrate have been synthesized by a laser ablation method. The quality of VO2 was examined by X-ray diffraction and RBS/C method. The electrical resistance and the optical transmittance of the VO2 film were measured under increasing and decreasing temperatures. At a temperature of 68 °C, an abrupt transition of resistance from metal to... 

Seim, B., Gurel, E.A., Rothmaier, M., Rossi, R.M., Scherer, L.J., 2010. Polymeric optical liber fabrics for illumination and sensorial applications in textiles. Journal of InteUigent Material Systems and Structures 21, 1061—1071. 

Poignant, FI., 1987, Fluoride glass optical libers in France, in Halide Glasses for Infrared Fiberoptics, ed. R.M. Almeida (Martinus Nijhoff, Dordrecht) pp, 265-280. 

Choi S, Kim KR, Oh K, Chun CM, Kim MJ, Yoo SJ, Kim DY. 2003. Interferometric inscription of surface rehef gratings on optical liber using azo polymer film. Appl Phys Lett 83 1080 1082. 

The optical fiber radiation probe system (OFPS) is used to verify irradiated bundles in the spent fuel bay of CANDU stations (Rim et al. 2006). The OFPS consists of a scanning actuator, an optical fiber scintillator coupled to a flexible optical liber, data acquisition electronics, and a PC. 

The working principle of BOTDA is based on the Stimulated Brillouin Scattering (SBS) elFect, which is depicted in Figure 1. The Brillouin frequency shift has a linear relationship with strain and temperature applied on a single-mode optical liber, which can be expressed by (Bernini et al. 2002)... 

When the cable is installed in raceways, cable trays, or secured to other cables, consideration should be given to movement of the existing cables. Although optical liber cable can be moved while in service without affecting fiber performance, it may warrant protection with conduit in places exposed to physical damage. 

Table 1. Properties of urethane acrylate optical liber coatings...

TEFLON AF 2400 is highly permeable to gases. It has a low refractive index, lower than water. This allows total reflexion using water as core in long path-length capillary cells. It is UV-transparent and very expensive. It is commonly used in tubing, membranes, windows, and optical libers used as flow cells. 

Figure 16 Examples of optical liber probes, (a) Optical fiber probe for simultaneous measurements of solid and gas velocities (solid light reflection measurement gas transmission measurement with O3 tracer). (Horio et al., 1992a.) (b) Water cooled optical fiber probe. (Werther and Hage, 1996.) (With permission of United Engineering Foundation)...

Amos G, Rhodes M, Benkreira H. Calculation of optic libers calibration curves for the measurement of solids volume fractions in multiphase flows. Powder Technol 88 107-121, 1996. 

FIGURE 5.2. Left Applicable vial types in borosilicate glass and silicon carbide. Middle 4-mL vial equipped with the optic liber probe immersion tube and fiUed with 0.5 mL of reaction mixture. Right Carousel for MAS 24 autosampler. (Reproduced with kind permission from Anton Paar GmbH (www.anton-paar.com)). 

Figure 22.1 Luminescent silicone film containing an embedded Oj-sensitive Ru dye. Small disks are pierced for the film to be attached to the distal end of an optical liber for dissolved oxygen measurements in water. The indicator dye is excited with blue hght and emits red-orange luminescence, the intensity of which is quenched by the analyte gas entering the thin film and colliding with the photoexcited metal dye.

Position of the irradiation source external light source, immersed light sources, and distributed light sources (such as reflectors or optical libers)... 

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