GH and IGF

Only rarely has a condition of IGF deficiency or excess been described that is not accompanied by a disturbance in 

Structure of human prolactin. [Reproduced with permission from R. K. Murray, D. K. Granner, R A. Mayes, and V. W, Rodwell, Harper s Biochemistry, 21st ed. Norwalk Appleton Lange, 1988. 1988 Appleton Lange.] 

GH production or responsiveness. Thus, a GH deficiency results in IGF-I deficiency, whereas a GH excess results in IGF-I excess. GH deficiency in children results in reduced growth velocity and growth retardation (dwarfism) due to secondary IGF-I deficiency, whereas in adults there are no dramatic signs or symptoms. Adults who are deficient primarily in GH have decreased lean body mass, increased adiposity, and are at increased risk of cardiovascular disease. 

Growth hormone deficiency in children can be treated by administration of recombinant GH or, in some cases, growth hormone-releasing hormone. Potential targets for recombinant GH that are undergoing clinical investigation include children with idiopathic short stature, persons with wasting syndrome associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection, critically ill patients, and elderly individuals. 

Excess production of GH due to somatotroph adenomas may be treated by surgical resection, irradiation, or in some cases with somatostatin analogues (e.g., octreotide) that suppress GH secretion, or by a combination of these above. 

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Patients with acromegaly experience a two- to three-fold increase in mortality rate.8 Normalization of GH and IGF-I levels reverses the mortality risk and alleviates significant comorbid complications, especially cardiovascular, pulmonary, and metabolic abnormalities. Reduction of IGF-I levels alone does... 

Excessive sweating, joint pain, nerve pain, and abnormal neurologic sensations (paresthesias) related to elevated GH and IGF-I levels. 

For patients receiving dopamine agonists, the maximal suppression of GH and IGF-I levels may take up to 3 months to achieve. Once stable control of biochemical markers is achieved with dopamine agonists or somatostatin analogs, monitor GH and IGF-I levels annually.6... 

Develop a formal plan to assess patient s response to and complications of surgical intervention. Measure both GH and IGF-I levels. 

The anterior pituitary releases GH in 6 to 8 pulsatile bursts over a 24 h period the major portion is released just prior to deep sleep. Its secretion is controlled by hypothalamic peptides GH-releasing hormone stimulates GH secretion, while somatostatin inhibits it. GH stimulates the synthesis of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1 somatomedin C) mainly, but not solely, in the liver. GH and IGF-1 receptors are widely scattered throughout the body, and both hormones exert important metabolic actions in various tissues, especially muscle and bone. 

In contrast to the aforementioned direct relationships/ the indirect response model shown in Figure 32.16 was used to describe the relationship between the administration of GH and IGF-1 in nonhuman primates (88). It was assumed in this model that the production of IGF-1 varied over time/ a reasonable... 

Growth hormone (GH) and IGF-1 play important roles in bone turnover and remodeling, with multiple effects on other tissues. Their serum concentrations decline with age and frequently are decreased in osteoporosis. Growth hormone injections have been found to increase or cause no change in BMD in patients with osteoporosis and normal GH concentrations, and patients with GH deficiency. Short-... 

Nolvadex, it s negative affect on the GH and IGF-1 production is much lower than that of Nolvadex. 

GH and IGF-1 production (as compared to Proviron), while part of the gains made, are a direct... 

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