Germination study

Ibrar, M. and Hussain, F. (2002). Germination studies on Atropa acuminata Royle ex Lindley. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 34 (4) 341-344. 

H and NMR in Aspergillus nidulans Germination Study (Lavoie and Chinachoti, 1995 Pham et al., 1999)... 

Smirnova and Moshkov have investigated the effects of the removal of leaves or buds and of grafting on the alkaloidal content of lupins, and Wallebroek has studied the alkaloidal and nitrogenous metabolism of Lupinus luteus seeds on germination. ... 

Yokum et al. (167) have studied the properties of a germination and growth inhibitor produced by Setaria glauca (yellow foxtail). The inhibitor was heat-stable, dialyzable, neutral, and nonnitrogenous. The authors suggested that it was a carbohydrate. 

We have developed a systematic study of quaternary chalco-gallates, indates (trielates) and chalco-silicates, and germinates (tetrelates) of the rare-earth metals. We have demonstrated that a series of new compounds could be formed in these families of materials [1, 3, 9, 10, 14, 81, 82]. There have been reports in the literature of a few examples of these types of materials, but there is sufficient evidence to support the fact that this area is wide open for exploring the likelihood for new rare-earth metal-based materials [83-90]. Our studies have focused on the gallium, indium, germanium and sihcon sulfides, selenides, and teUurides. 

The classic seed burial studies of W. J. Beal and his successors have shown seeds of at least one weed species, Moth Mullein (Verbascum blattaria L.) can remain viable in soil for a peiod of 100 years, whereas three species continued to germinate after 80 years of burial (30). Weed seeds not only resist decay by soil microbes, but they vary in dormancy characteristics. There is considerable evidence that chemical inhibitors are responsible for both phenomena. Unsaturated lactones and phenolic compounds in particular, are potent antimicrobial compounds present in many seeds (4J. Fruits and seeds are also known to contain diverse germination inhibitors including phenolic compounds, flavonoids and/or their glycosides and tannins. Unique methods to destroy inhibitors could provide an excellent weed management strategy. 

Extractions and Chemical Analyses of Amaranthus palmerl S. Wats (Amaranthaceae). The plant material for the chemical studies was supplied by Dr. R. M. Menges, USDA, Weslaco, TX. The air-dried aerial parts (518 g) were extracted at ambient temperature with petroleum ether (PE), dichloromethane (CI Clj) and methanol (MeOH) and the solvents were evaporated In vacuo providing 4.5 g, 4.7 g and 12.lg crude extracts, respectively. Samples of the crude extracts were tested by Dr. J. M. Bradow for germination regulation activity and the biological data are described in her paper. 

Effects of Sesquiterpene Lactones on Seed Germination. Sesquiterpene lactones are common constituents of the Asteraceae but are also found in other angiosperm families and in certain liverworts (31,32). These highly bitter substances exhibit a wide spectrum of biological activities (J 3) which include cytotoxicity, anti-tumor, anti-microbial, insecticidal (34) and molluscicidal (35) properties. Furthermore, they are known causes for livestock poisoning and contact dermatitis in humans (33). Structure-activity relationship studies on sesquiterpene lactones have demonstrated that biological activity frequently depend on the presence of the cr... 

Tomato root growth bloassay of leaf extracts. Three hundred mg samples of fully expanded leaves were taken from each plant studied. Each sample was ground with a Polytron1 in 30 ml of distilled water and the extract was filtered. Five ml aliquots of each extract were pipetted onto three layers of germination paper in a 10 by 10 by 1.5 cm plastic petri dish. Distilled water was used as a control treatment. Twelve tomato seeds were placed in a 3x4 array in each dish, and incubated at 20C for 168 hours, prior to root measurement. The experimental design was a completely randomized design with five replications (dishes) per treatment except the control which had 10 replications. The experiment was repeated each week for 9 weeks. 

Abdul-Wahab and Rice (9) found that boiling water extracts of johnsongrass leaves inhibited germination and seedling growth of several bioassay species at concentrations 80 times that used in this present study. 

Rye Mulch Studies. Extraction of the dried aqueous extract (Figure 1) with methanol gave a preparation which showed the greatest activity, giving 58, 80 and 86% inhibition of C. album hypocotyl length, root length and germination, respectively (data not shown). Therefore, methanol was used for all subsequent transfers. 

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