Geotextiles in civil engineering

The functions of geotextiles can generally be broadly classified into four categories, as discussed below  

Element of unreinforced soil subjected to a vertical stress 

90% of all holes in the textile are smaller than this -hole, so it is called the O90 

90% of all particles in the soil have a diameter smaller than this particle, so it is called the Dgg 

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Chan, K. and Kan, M.M.K (1993) Engineering ingenuity with fibres and fabrics for geotextiles in civil engineering, in Proceedings of the 2nd Asian Textile Conference, Vol. 1,1993, pp. 358-363. 

Other countries in Europe also had individual investigators working with geotextiles in civil engineering applications but often lacked the impetus given by large chemical companies which had the resources in both personnel and materials as mentioned. 

R. V. van Zanten, ed.. Geotextiles and Geomembranes in Civil Engineering A. A. Balkema Publishing, Rotteidam, The Nethedands, 1986. 

Geotextiles are the polymeric textile materials that are widely used in civil engineering to provide reinforcement, filtration, separation, drainage, erosion resistance and asphalt reinforcement. They take many forms nonwoven and woven textiles, grids, and openwork structures sandwiched between layers of nonwoven for lateral drainage. The principal... 

Polymeric stabilizer materials are a subset of a much larger recent development in civil engineering. ASTM has defined a geosynthetic as a planer product manufactured from polymeric materials used with soil, rock, or other geotechnical-related material as part of a civil engineering system. A geotextile is a permeable geosynthetic made of textile materials. 

Geotextiles have become one of the most important fields of application for synthetic polymeric fibers. In view of their great importance, we describe them in a separate section. Textiles made of synthetic polymer fibers are used in various applications to address a variety of solids-related problems in civil engineering such as soil support, stabilization, separation and filtration, reinforcement of... 

Zanten RVV, editor. Geotextiles and Geomembranes in Civil Engineering. Accord MA A A BaUcema Publishers 1986. 02018, Netherlands. 

There has been an increasing need in recent years for reliable information on design methodology and stability criteria of revetments exposed to wave and current action. The use of revetments, such as riprap, blocks and block mats, various mattresses, and asphalt in civil engineering practice is very common. The granular filters, and more recently the geotextiles, are more or less standard components of the revetment structure. T4,20,22,23,26,28-30 jjowever, the proper design rules are not always available. 

R.V. Zantam, Geotextile and geomembrane in civil engineering, John Wiley, New York, 1986, pp. 181-192. 

High performance fibers are generally characterized by remarkable unit tensile strength and resistance to heat, flame, and chemical agents that normally degrade conventional fibers. Applications include uses in the aerospace, biomedical, civil engineering, constmction, protective apparel, geotextiles, and electronic areas. 

Of particular importance in these application are the long lifetimes. Civil engineering structures can be designed for up to 120 years service. Safety is critical where the geotextile is used for reinforcement, such as in steep embankments, retaining walls, bridge abutments, and embankments built over soft soil or old mineworkings. 

Because of the recent rash of hurricanes like Katrina and tsunamis, we have become more aware of the need for protection against their violence. Geotextiles play a major role in this protection. Reinforced soil was used by Babylonians 3000 years ago in the construction of their pyramid-like tower, ziggurats. One of these famous towers, the Tower of Babel, collapsed. For thousands of years, the Chinese used wood, straw, and bamboo for soil reinforcement including the construction of the Great Wall. In fact, the Chinese symbol for civil engineering can be translated as earth and wood. The Dutch have made extensive use of natural fibrous materials in their age-old battle with the sea. The Romans employed wood and reed for foundation reinforcement. By the 1920s, cotton fabrics were tested as a... 

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